Front Cover -- EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY: The Fundamentals of PET and SPECT -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1. Imaging Science Bringing the Invisible to Light -- I. Preamble -- II. Introduction -- III. Imaging Science -- IV. Fundamental and Generic Issues of Imaging Science -- V. Methodology and Epistemology -- VI. A View of the Future -- Chapter 2. Introduction to Emission Tomography -- I. What is Emission Tomography? -- II. The Making of an Emission Tomography Image -- III. Types of Data Acquisition: Static, Dynamic, Gated, and List Mode -- IV. Cross-Sectional Images -- V. Radiopharmaceuticals and Their Applications -- VI. Developments in Emission Tomography -- Chapter 3. Evolution of Clinical Emission Tomography -- I. Introduction -- II. The Beginnings of Nuclear Medicine -- III. Early Imaging Devices -- IV. Evolution of Emission Tomography and Initial Applications -- V. Clinical Applications -- VI. Summary -- Chapter 4. Basic Physics of Radioisotope Imaging -- I. Where Do the Nuclear Emissions Used in Imaging Come From? -- II. Relevant Modes of Nuclear Decay for Medical Radionuclide Imaging -- III. Production of Radionuclides for Imaging -- IV. Interactions of Nuclear Emissions in Matter -- V. Exploiting Radiation Interactions in Matter for Emission Imaging -- VI. Physical Factors That Determine the Fundamental Spatial Resolution Limit in Nuclear Emission Imaging -- Chapter 5. Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging the Brain -- I. Introduction -- II. Biochemical Processes in the Brain -- III. New Radiopharmaceutical Development -- IV. Neuroscience Studies -- V. Applications of Imaging Studies: Dopamine System -- VI. Oncology Studies -- VII. Genomic Studies -- VIII. Summary -- Chapter 6. Basics of Imaging Theory and Statistics -- I. Introduction -- II. Linear Systems.

III. Discrete Sampling -- IV. Noise and Signal -- V. Filtering -- VI. Smoothing -- VII. Estimation -- VIII. Objective Assessment of Image Quality -- Chapter 7. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography -- I. Planar Single-Photon Emission Imaging -- II. Conventional Gamma Cameras -- III. Tomography -- IV. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Systems -- V. Tomographic Single-Photon Emission Imaging -- VI. Other Detectors and Systems -- VII. Summary -- Chapter 8. Collimator Design for Nuclear Medicine -- I. Basic Principles of Collimator Design -- II. Description of the Imaging System and Collimator Geometry -- III. Description of Collimator Imaging Properties -- IV. Septal Penetration -- V. Optimal Design of Parallel-Hole Collimators -- VI. Secondary Constraints -- VII. Summary -- Chapter 9. Annular Single-Crystal SPECT Systems -- I. Overview: Annular Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Systems -- II. Principles and Design of CeraSPECT -- III. Annular SensOgrade Collimators -- IV. Modification of Light Optics in a Scintillation Camera -- V. NeurOtome, A Bridge between Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography -- VI. MammOspect, an Annular Breast Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Camera -- VII. Small Animal Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Using an Annular Crystal -- VIII. Discussion -- Chapter 10. PET Systems -- I. Basic Positron Emission Tomography Principles -- II. Detector Designs -- III. Tomography System Geometry -- IV. Positron Emission Tomography Scintillators -- V. Positron Emission Tomography System Electronics -- VI. Attenuation Correction -- VII. Scatter Correction -- VIII. Noise Equivalent Count Rate -- IX. Future Trends -- Chapter 11. PET/CT Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Motivation -- III. Initial Development -- IV. Design -- V. Protocols.

VI. Image Registration and Fusion -- VII. Attenuation Correction -- VIII. Dosimetry -- IX. The Future -- Chapter 12. Small Animal PET Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Challenges in Small Animal PET -- III. Early Development of Animal PET Scanners -- IV. New Generation Small Animal PET Scanners -- V. Applications of Small Animal PET -- VI. Future Opportunities and Challenges -- VII. Summary -- Chapter 13. Scintillators -- I. Introduction -- II. Gamma-Ray Interactions in Scintillation Crystals -- III. The Characteristics and Physical Properties of Scintillators -- IV. Scintillation Detectors: Design and Fabrication -- V. Measurements with Scintillators -- VI. Summary and Comments -- Chapter 14. Photodetectors -- I. Introduction -- II. Photomultiplier Tubes -- III. Semiconductor Diode Detectors -- IV. PIN Diodes -- V. Avalanche Photodiodes -- VI. Comparison of PMT and APD Properties -- VII. Drift Diodes -- VIII. Direct Detection of Gamma Rays: CdTe and CdZnTe Detectors -- Chapter 15. CdTe and CdZnTe Semiconductor Detectors for Nuclear Medicine Imaging -- I. Introduction -- II. Energy Spectrum Performance -- III. Imaging Performance -- IV. Nuclear Medicine Applications -- V. Conclusion -- Chapter 16. Application-Specific Small Field-of-View Nuclear Emission Imagers in Medicine -- I. Overview of Application-Specific Small Field-of-View Imagers -- II. Scintillation Detector Designs of Small Field-of-View Imagers -- III. Semiconductor Detector Designs of Small Field-of- View Imagers -- IV. Review of Current Designs and Applications for Small Field-of-View Imagers -- Chapter 17. Intraoperative Probes and Imaging Probes -- I. Introduction -- II. Early Intraoperative Probes -- III. Clinical Applications -- IV. The Future.Imaging Probes? -- V. Discussion -- VI. Conclusion -- Chapter 18. Noble Gas Detectors.

I. Why Noble Gas Detectors are Interesting for Medical Gamma-Ray Imaging -- II. Basic Processes of Energy Dissipation and Generation of Light Signals -- III. Earlier Developments of Gas Detectors for Medical Applications -- IV. Luminescence Detectors -- V. Technical Features of Luminescence Detectors -- VI. Applications for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography -- VII. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 19. Compton Cameras for Nuclear Medical Imaging -- I. Introduction -- II. Factors Governing System Performance -- III. Analytical Prediction of System Performance -- IV. Image Reconstruction for Compton Cameras -- V. Hardware and Experimental Results -- VI. Future Prospects for Compton Imaging -- VII. Discussion and Summary -- Chapter 20. Analytic Image Reconstruction Methods -- I. Introduction -- II. Data Acquisition -- III. The Central Section Theorem -- IV. Two-Dimensional Image Reconstruction -- V. Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction from X-Ray Projections -- VI. Summary -- Chapter 21. Iterative Image Reconstruction -- I. Introduction -- II. Tomography as a Linear Inverse Problem -- III. Components of an Iterative Reconstruction Method -- IV. Image Reconstruction Criteria -- V. Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms -- VI. Evaluation of Image Quality -- VII. Summary -- VIII. Appendices -- Chapter 22. Attenuation, Scatter, and Spatial Resolution Compensation in SPECT -- I. Review of the Sources of Degradation and Their Impact in SPECT Reconstruction -- II. Nonuniform Attenuation Compensation -- III. Scatter Compensation -- IV. Spatial Resolution Compensation -- V. Conclusion -- Chapter 23. Kinetic Modeling in Positron Emission Tomography -- I. Introduction -- II. The One-Compartment Model: Blood Flow -- III. Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Regional Cerebral Glucose Use -- IV. Receptor-Ligand Models -- V. Model Simplifications.

VI. Limitations to Absolute Quantification -- VII. Functional Imaging of Neurochemistry-Future Uses -- VIII. A Generalized Implementation of the Model Equations -- Chapter 24. Computer Analysis of Nuclear Cardiology Procedures -- I. Introduction -- II. Advances in Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Instrumentation -- III. Advances in Computer Methods -- IV. Conclusion -- Chapter 25. Simulation Techniques and Phantoms -- I. Introduction -- II. Sampling Techniques -- III. Mathematical Phantoms -- IV. Photon and Electron Simulation -- V. Detector Simulation -- VI. Variance Reduction Methods -- VII. Examples of Monte Carlo Programs for Photon and Electrons -- VIII. Examples of Monte Carlo Applications in Nuclear Medicine Imaging -- IX. Conclusion -- Index.