FrontMatter -- The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative -- Preface -- Contents -- Conference Summary -- A Micro System to Isolate, Sequence, and Identify DNA from a Small, Low-Concentration Sample -- Build a Synthetic Self-Replicator -- Build a System That will Detect Disease In Vivo and Report Back Results -- Build a Cell-Chip Interface to Sense Response to Drug Leads and Toxins -- Sequence a Single Molecule of Protein -- Build a Glucose Sensor to Circulate (Implant) In Vivo in Humans and Regulate Insulin -- An In Vivo Nanofactory: The Medicine of the Future -- Improve Hydrogen Production by Genetic Methods: Design a Better Nanomachine -- Design Principles of Living Systems -- Grow a Biological In Vitro Power Source on a Chip -- Appendix -- Pre-Conference Program -- Conference Program -- Participants.