FrontMatter -- The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative -- Preface -- Contents -- Conference Summary -- IDR Team Summary 1: What new foundational technologies and tools are required to make biology easier to engineer? -- IDR Team Summary 2: What are the significant differences, if any, between risk assessment capacity and religious analyses of the moral permissibility for synthetic biology applications and other biotechnology applications? -- IDR Team Summary 3: Reconstructing gene circuitry: How can synthetic biology lead us to an understanding of the principles underlying natural genetic circuits and to the discovery of new biology? -- IDR Team Summary 4: Designing communities of cells: how do we create communication and collaboration between cells to allow for specialization and division of labor? -- IDR Team Summary 5: Why are human-designed biological circuits and devices fragile and inaccurate relative to their natural counterparts? -- IDR Team Summary 6: How can genomics be leveraged to develop coherent approaches for rapidly exploring the biochemical diversity in and engineering of non-model organisms? -- IDR Team Summary 7: How do we move beyond genetics to engage chemical and physical approaches to synthetic biology? -- IDR Team Summary 8: What is the role of evolution and evolvability in synthetic biology? -- IDR Team Summary 9: How do we maximally capitalize on the promise of synthetic biology? -- Appendixes -- List of Synthetic Biology Podcast Tutorials -- Agenda -- Participants.