Turkey's historical trajectory -- The historical lens -- The Ottoman era -- The Kemalist experience -- The Cold War interlude -- New openings to the Muslim world -- The reemergence of Turkish Islam -- Turkey's relations with the Muslim world and beyond -- JDP policies toward the Muslim world -- The foundations of Turkey's regional influence -- Turkey and Syria -- Turkey and Iraq -- Turkey and Iran -- Turkey and Israel -- Turkey and Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the Gulf states, and Afghanistan -- Turkey and Eurasia -- Turkey and Europe -- Turkey and the United States -- Turkey's future trajectory -- Turkey's future foreign policy scenarios -- Conclusion : What can Washington do?.