Contents -- List of illustrations -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. About this book -- 1.1 Objectives -- 1.2 Target audiences -- 1.3 Organization of the chapters -- 1.4 Scope -- 1.5 Approach -- 1.6 Glossary of terms -- Part I. General aspects -- 2. The nature of emergencies and disasters -- 2.1 Environmental health and disasters -- 2.2 Disasters and emergencies -- 2.3 Vulnerability to disasters and emergencies -- 2.4 Human actions that increase vulnerability to disasters -- 2.5 The disaster-management cycle -- 2.6 Steps in disaster management -- 2.7 Further information -- 3. Predisaster activities -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Institutional arrangements -- 3.3 Vulnerability and capacity assessment -- 3.4 Prevention and mitigation -- 3.5 Preparedness and planning -- 3.6 Institutional learning and memory -- 3.7 Warning indicators -- 3.8 Further information -- 4. Emergency response -- 4.1 Assessments -- 4.2 Evacuation -- 4.3 Environmental health measures in the emergency phase -- 4.4 Organization of environmental health activities during emergencies -- 4.5 Personnel management in emergencies -- 4.6 Equipment and supplies -- 4.7 Transportation and logistics -- 4.8 Telecommunications -- 4.9 Financial procedures -- 4.10 Rules, standards and guidelines in disaster response -- 4.11 International assistance -- 4.12 Further information -- 5. Recovery and sustainable development -- 5.1 From disasters to development -- 5.2 Assessment for recovery -- 5.3 Recovery planning -- 5.4 Recovery in different contexts -- 5.5 Post-disaster environmental health activities and sustainable development -- 5.6 Further information -- Part II. Technical aspects -- 6. Shelter and emergency settlements -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Assistance to self-sheltering populations -- 6.3 Short-term shelter in existing buildings -- 6.4 Site selection and arrangement of emergency settlements.

6.5 Longer-term issues for emergency settlements -- 6.6 Community participation in environmental health management -- 6.7 Further information -- 7. Water supply -- 7.1 Water-supply preparedness and protection -- 7.2 Emergency water-supply strategy -- 7.3 Assessment -- 7.4 Emergency water-supply techniques -- 7.5 Operation and maintenance -- 7.6 Further information -- 8. Sanitation -- 8.1 Human waste and health -- 8.2 Strategy for excreta disposal in emergencies -- 8.3 Techniques for excreta disposal in emergencies -- 8.4 Disposal of wastewater (sullage) -- 8.5 Management of refuse -- 8.6 Further information -- 9. Food safety -- 9.1 The importance of safe food -- 9.2 Food control -- 9.3 Food safety and nutrition -- 9.4 Public education and information -- 9.5 Safe and hygienic warehouse management -- 9.6 Further information -- 10. Vector and pest control -- 10.1 The importance of vector and pest control in disasters and emergencies -- 10.2 Disease control and nuisance control -- 10.3 Available control measures -- 10.4 Environmental management for vector and pest control -- 10.5 Hygiene and personal protection -- 10.6 Further information -- 11. Control of communicable diseases and prevention of epidemics -- 11.1 The importance of communicable diseases in emergencies and disasters -- 11.2 Measures for controlling communicable diseases and epidemics -- 11.3 The control of cholera: an example -- 11.4 Further information -- 12. Chemical incidents -- 12.1 Types of chemical incident -- 12.2 The health effects of chemical incidents -- 12.3 Operational planning and preparedness -- 12.4 Dealing with chemical incidents -- 12.5 Assessing the impact on public health -- 12.6 Further information -- 13. Radiation emergencies -- 13.1 Health consequences of radiation -- 13.2 Radiation from nuclear incidents.

13.3 International and local response to a major nuclear accident in compliance with the Convention on Early Notification and Assistance Convention -- 13.4 The role of WHO in a radiation emergency -- 13.5 Mitigation of effects -- 13.6 Inadvertent exposure to radioactive material -- 13.7 Further information -- 14. Mortuary service and handling of the dead -- 14.1 Recovery of the dead -- 14.2 Organization of the mortuary -- 14.3 Identification of the dead -- 14.4 Handling the dead -- 14.5 Ceremonial aspects -- 14.6 Further information -- 15. Health promotion and community participation -- 15.1 Definitions -- 15.2 Hygiene promotion and community participation in the disaster-management cycle -- 15.3 Community participation -- 15.4 Hygiene promotion and hygiene education -- 15.5 Further information -- 16. Human resources -- 16.1 Professional staff -- 16.2 Volunteer staff and employed labour -- 16.3 Training -- 16.4 Further information -- References -- Websites -- Annex 1 WHO model of country-level emergency planning -- Annex 2 Equipment and supplies for environmental health activities in disasters and emergencies -- Annex 3 Accidental pesticide poisoning -- Annex 4 International and national actions in response to a radiation emergency -- Annex 5 Selected information from the International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources -- Annex 6 Checklist of hygiene practices that protect health in emergencies and disasters.