Cleaning Pakistan’s Air : Policy Options to Address the Cost of Outdoor Air Pollution.
Title:
Cleaning Pakistan’s Air : Policy Options to Address the Cost of Outdoor Air Pollution.
Author:
Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto.
ISBN:
9781464802362
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (218 pages)
Series:
Directions in Development
Contents:
Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Policy Options to Address the Cost of Outdoor Air Pollution in Pakistan -- Introduction -- Data Availability and Methodology -- Analysis of Air Quality Data -- Health Damages Associated with Air Pollution -- Air Quality Regulatory Framework -- Air Quality Management and Climate Change -- Policy Options for Abating Urban Air Pollution from Mobile Sources -- Policy Options for Abating Urban Air Pollution from Stationary Sources -- Capacity Building for Air Quality Management -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 1 Overview -- Introduction -- Objective -- Methodology -- Analytical Value-Added -- Structure of the Book -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Air Pollution in Pakistan -- Introduction -- Analysis of Air Quality Data -- Air Pollution and the Quality of Life in Pakistan -- The Economic Cost of Air Pollution in Pakistan -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 Air Quality Management Institutions -- Introduction -- Pakistan's Air Quality Regulatory Framework -- Organizational Structure for Air Quality Management -- Coordination and Decentralization of Air Quality Management Responsibilities -- Monitoring Ambient Air Pollution -- The Judiciary and the Enforcement of Regulations -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Mobile Sources -- Introduction -- Ambient Air Quality and Exposed Population in Karachi -- Lead Exposure -- Neuropsychological Effects in Children under Five Years -- Social Cost of Health Effects -- Interventions to Improve Air Quality -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Industrial and Other Stationary Sources -- Introduction -- Inventory of Stationary Sources.
Industrial Air Pollution -- Control of Air Pollution from Stationary Sources -- Control of Diffuse Sources -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Potential Co-Benefits of Air Quality Management for Climate Change -- Introduction -- Climate Change and Air Pollution Interactions -- Air Quality Management and Climate Change Co-Benefits in Pakistan -- Policy Options -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Note -- References -- Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Conclusions -- References -- Figures -- Map -- Tables -- Back Cover.
Abstract:
The extent of urban air pollution in Pakistan-South Asia's most urbanized country-is among the world's most severe, significantly damaging human health, quality of life, and the economy and environment of Pakistan. The harm from Pakistan's urban air pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. Improved air quality management (AQM) in Pakistan can have notable economic and health benefits. For example, the estimated health benefits per dollar spent on cleaner diesel are approximately US 1-1.5 for light-duty diesel vehicles and US 1.5-2.4 for large buses and trucks. This report advocates that Pakistan allocate resources to AQM, because its air quality is severely affecting millions of Pakistanis, and because experiences around the world indicate that interventions can significantly improve air quality. This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistan's AQM challenges, and identifies a comprehensive set of steps to improve air quality. The research presented here underpins the conclusions that addressing Pakistan's urban air pollution requires coordinated interventions to strengthen AQM, build agencies' institutional capacity, bolster AQM's legal and regulatory framework, implement policy reforms and investments, and fill knowledge gaps. However, Pakistan's policy makers face major obstacles, including limited financial, human, and technical resources, and can pursue only a few AQM interventions at the same time. In the short term, Pakistan's AQM should give highest priority to reducing pollutants linked to high morbidity and mortality: PM2.5 (and precursors like SOx and NOx) from mobile sources. A second-level short-term priority could be PM2.5, SOx, and emissions of toxic metals from stationary sources. An important medium-term priority should be mass
transportation in major cities, controlling traffic, and restricting private cars during high-pollution episodes. A long-term priority could be taxing hydrocarbons, based on their contribution to greenhouse gases.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
Genre:
Electronic Access:
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