Front cover -- Toxic Legacy -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- PREFACE -- FOREWORD -- 1: CONFRONTING THE UNKNOWN -- 1.1 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN THE HUMAN HABITAT -- 1.2 DEFINING THE RISK -- 1.3 DEFINING THE UNKNOWN -- 1.4 CONFRONTING THE UNKNOWN -- 2: AN INTRODUCTION TO SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD -- 2.1 UNDERSTANDING THE FDA DATA COLLECTION PROCESS -- 2.2 A LAYMAN'S APPROACH TO MARKET BASKET CHEMISTRY -- 2.3 THE SELECTED MARKET BASKETS -- 2.4 CHOOSING SAFER FOODS -- 3: THE NUMBER OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN FOOD -- 3.1 DAIRY PRODUCTS -- 3.2 PROTEIN PRODUCTS -- 3.3 FRUIT PRODUCTS -- 3.4 GRAIN AND NUT PRODUCTS -- 3.5 VEGETABLE PRODUCTS -- 3.6 MIXED FOOD PRODUCTS -- 3.7 CHILD AND INFANT PRODUCTS -- 3.8 SUMMARY OF THE FOOD PRODUCT CATEGORY DATA -- 4: SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN A BALANCED DIET -- 4.1 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS -- 4.2 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN PROTEIN PRODUCTS -- 4.3 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN FRUIT PRODUCTS -- 4.4 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN GRAIN AND NUT PRODUCTS -- 4.5 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTS -- 4.6 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN MIXED PRODUCTS -- 4.7 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN CHILD AND INFANT PRODUCTS -- 4.8 SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS IN A BALANCED DIET -- 4.9 OPTIONS FOR CHOOSING SAFER FOODS -- 5: DIETS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES -- 5.1 SUMMARY -- 6: FOOD CONTAMINATION AT THE CITY AND REGIONAL LEVELS -- 6.1 BEVERAGES AND DRINKING WATER -- 7: SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER -- 7.1 WHAT IS SAFE DRINKING WATER? -- 7.2 CHOOSING A SAFER DRINKING WATER -- 7.3 SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER -- 7.4 SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL POLLUTION OF DRINKING WATER -- 7.5 MONITORING FOR SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS -- 7.6 COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE WATER DATA -- 7.7 BAKERSFIELD, CALIFORNIA -- 7.8 BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA -- 7.9 BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK -- 7.10 BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA -- 7.11 BOISE, IDAHO -- 7.12 CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.

7.13 COLUMBUS, GEORGIA -- 7.14 DAYTON, OHIO -- 7.15 DENVER, COLORADO -- 7.16 FRESNO, CALIFORNIA -- 7.17 GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN -- 7.18 HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA -- 7.19 JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI -- 7.20 LAFAYETTE, LOUISIANA -- 7.21 LONG BEACH, NEW JERSEY -- 7.22 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA -- 7.23 MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN -- 7.24 NEW YORK, NEW YORK -- 7.25 OGDEN, UTAH -- 7.26 OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA -- 7.27 ORLANDO, FLORIDA -- 7.28 PEORIA, ILLINOIS -- 7.29 PHOENIX, ARIZONA -- 7.30 PORTLAND, OREGON -- 7.31 PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND -- 7.32 PUEBLO, COLORADO -- 7.33 RENO, NEVADA -- 7.34 SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS -- 7.35 SAVANNAH, GEORGIA -- 7.36 SIOUX FALLS, SOUTH DAKOTA -- 7.37 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS -- 7.38 TACOMA, WASHINGTON -- 7.39 TULSA, OKLAHOMA -- 7.40 WASHINGTON, D.C. -- 7.41 WEST PALM BEACH, FLORIDA -- 7.42 WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS -- 7.43 DATA SUMMARY -- 7.44 WATER QUALITY RANKING -- 7.45 CONSUMER ALTERNATIVES -- 8: SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN AIR -- 8.1 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS -- 8.2 DATA SOURCE AND LIMITATIONS -- 8.3 TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASES BY CITY -- 8.4 CONCENTRATION TRENDS -- 8.5 THE OCCURRENCE OF SINGLE-RING AROMATICS -- 8.6 CONCLUSIONS -- 9: TOXICITY AND SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL MIXTURES -- 9.1 SINGLE CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS -- 9.2 CAUSATION OF DISEASES: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE -- 9.3 FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATION REQUIRING THAT FOOD AND WATER BE UNADULTERATED -- 9.4 THE NEED FOR WARNING LABELS IN THE SUPERMARKET -- 9.5 DRINKING WATER AND WARNING LABELS -- 9.6 BREAST MILK AS AN INDICATOR OF WHAT IS WRONG IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- 9.7 MULTIPLE CONTAMINANTS AND INCREASING TOXIC RESPONSES -- 9.8 CHEMICAL MIXTURES AND TOXIC OUTCOMES -- 9.9 WHAT DOSE IS SAFE? -- 9.10 IT IS NOT JUST THE DOSE THAT MAKES THE POISON -- 10: THE BODY'S SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL BURDEN -- 10.1 THE BODY'S TOXIC BURDEN -- 10.2 OUR TOXIC LEGACY -- 10.3 A NATIONAL CONTAMINANT RANKING.

10.4 SUMMARY -- APPENDIX -- APPENDIX 2-1 MARKET BASKET CHEMICALS -- APPENDIX 2-2 Synthetic Chemicals Found in Market Basket Foods and Beverages -- APPENDIX 4-1 Dairy Products with Very Low Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-2 Dairy Products-Yogurts -- APPENDIX 4-3 Dairy Products with Low Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-4 Frozen Dairy Products -- APPENDIX 4-5 Dairy Products-Creams -- APPENDIX 4-6 Dairy Products-Cheeses -- APPENDIX 4-7 Dairy Products-Butter -- APPENDIX 4-8 Protein Products-Very Low Chemical Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-9 Protein Products-Low Chemical Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-10 Protein Products-Moderate Chemical Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-11 Protein Products-High Chemical Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-12 Protein Products-Very High Chemical Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-13 Noncitrus Products with Very Low Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-14 Noncitrus Products with Very Low to Moderate Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-15 Citrus Products with Very Low to Low Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-16 Noncitrus Products with Very Low to Moderate Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-17 Melons -- APPENDIX 4-18 Peaches -- APPENDIX 4-19 Grape Products -- APPENDIX 4-20 Orange Products -- APPENDIX 4-21 Apple Products -- APPENDIX 4-22 Noncitrus Products with Low to Moderate Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-23 Noncitrus Products with High to Very High Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-24 Corn Products -- APPENDIX 4-25 Rice Products -- APPENDIX 4-26 Oat Products -- APPENDIX 4-27 Pasta Products -- APPENDIX 4-28 Wheat-Based Cereals -- APPENDIX 4-29 Breakfast Products -- APPENDIX 4-30 Pretzels and Crackers -- APPENDIX 4-31 Wheat Products with Moderate Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-32 Breads -- APPENDIX 4-33 Nut Products -- APPENDIX 4-34 Vegetable Products-Very Low Chemical Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-35 Dark-Yellow Vegetable Products.

APPENDIX 4-36 Vegetable Products with Low Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-37 Tomato Products -- APPENDIX 4-38 Vegetable Products with Moderate Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-39 Vegetable Products Associated with Oils -- APPENDIX 4-40 Vegetable Products with High Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-41 Potato Products -- APPENDIX 4-42 Dark-Green Leafy Vegetables -- APPENDIX 4-43 Mixed Food Products with Very Low Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-44 Mixed Food Products with Low Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-45 Mixed Food Products with Moderate Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-46 Mixed Food Products with High Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-47 Mixed Food Products with Very High Contaminant Levels -- APPENDIX 4-48 Child/Infant Products-No Chemical Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-49 Child/Infant Products-Strained Vegetables with Very Low Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-50 Child/Infant Products-Fruit Juices -- APPENDIX 4-51 Child/Infant Products-Formula -- APPENDIX 4-52 Child/Infant Products-Protein -- APPENDIX 4-53 Child/Infant Products-Dinners -- APPENDIX 4-54 Child/Infant Products-Infant Products -- APPENDIX 4-55 Child/Infant Products-Vegetable Dinners -- APPENDIX 4-56 Child/Infant Products-Strained Vegetables with Low Contaminants -- APPENDIX 4-57 Child/Infant Products-Strained Pudding and Cereal -- APPENDIX 4-58 Child/Infant Products-Strained Fruits with Low and Moderate Contaminants -- APPENDIX 7-1 Current Federal Drinking Water Criteria to Control Microbial Hazards -- APPENDIX 7-2 Bakersfield Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-3 Bakersfield Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-4 Binghamton Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-5 Binghamton Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-6 Birmingham Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-7 Birmingham Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-8 Boise Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-9 Boise Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-10 Columbus Surface Water Data.

APPENDIX 7-11 Dayton Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-12 Dayton Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-13 Fresno Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-14 Fresno Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-15 Grand Rapids Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-16 Grand Rapids Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-17 Harrisburg Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-18 Harrisburg Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-19 Los Angeles Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-20 Milwaukee Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-21 Milwaukee Suface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-22 New York Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-23 Oklahoma City Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-24 Oklahoma City Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-25 Orlando Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-26 Phoenix Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-27 Phoenix Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-28 Portland Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-29 Reno Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-30 Reno Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-31 San Antonio Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-32 San Antonio Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-33 Savannah Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-34 Sioux Falls Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-35 Springfield Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-36 Tulsa Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 7-37 West Palm Beach Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-38 West Palm Beach Surface Water -- APPENDIX 7-39 Worcester Groundwater Data -- APPENDIX 7-40 Worcester Surface Water Data -- APPENDIX 8-1 EPA-Regulated Air Toxic List: Synthetic Organic Chemicals -- APPENDIX 8-2 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Bakersfield, CA -- APPENDIX 8-3 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Baton Rouge, LA -- APPENDIX 8-4 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Binghamton, NY -- APPENDIX 8-5 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Birmingham, AL -- APPENDIX 8-6 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Boise, ID -- APPENDIX 8-7 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Charleston, SC -- APPENDIX 8-8 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Columbus, GA -- APPENDIX 8-9 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Dayton, OH.

APPENDIX 8-10 Total Toxic Air Emissions-Denver, CO.