Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Symbiosis and Its Significance in Modern Biology -- 1.2 Subdivisions of Symbiosis -- 1.3 Symbiosis in All Forms of Life -- 1.4 Classification of Symbioses -- 1.5 Summary -- 2 Viral Symbiotic Associations -- 2.1 Virus Structure -- 2.2 Virus Taxonomy -- 2.3 Viral Replication: Viruses and Host Cell Interactions -- 2.4 Viral Pathogenesis -- 2.5 Persistent Viral Infections -- 2.6 Interferons -- 2.7 Retroelements: Retroviruses and Selfish DNA -- 2.8 Viruses in Bacteria -- 2.9 Viruses in Insects -- 2.10 Mycoviruses: Viral Inhabitants of Fungi -- 2.11 Viruses in Algae -- 2.12 Viruses in Plants -- 2.13 Viroids and Satellite RNA Viruses -- 2.14 Prions -- 2.15 Theories on the Origin of Viruses -- 2.16 Summary -- Appendix: An Outline of Virus Classification -- 3 Bacterial Associations of Bacteria, Protozoa, and Animals -- 3.1 Bacterial Symbionts of Bacteria -- 3.2 Bacterial Symbionts of Protozoa -- 3.3 Bacterial Symbionts of Animals -- 3.4 Summary -- 4 Bacterial Pathogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms -- 4.1 How Bacteria Colonize a Host -- 4.2 How Bacteria Damage Host Cells -- 4.3 Bacterial Pathogens -- 4.4 Escherichia coli: A Versatile Human Pathogen -- 4.5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Quorum Sensing and Virulence Gene Regulation -- 4.6 Helicobacter pylori: Molecular Mimicry between Pathogen and Host -- 4.7 Summary -- 5 Bacterial Associations of Plants -- 5.1 Nitrogen-fixing Symbioses -- 5.2 Agrobacterium, Galls, and Gene Transfer -- 5.3 Bacteria as Plant Pathogens -- 5.4 Mycoplasmas: Bacteria without Cell Walls -- 5.5 Summary -- 6 Symbiosis and the Origin of the Eukaryotic Cell -- 6.1 Kingdoms and Domains -- 6.2 Molecular versus Traditional Taxonomy -- 6.3 Theories on the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells -- 6.4 Host Cell: An Intracellular Ecosystem -- 6.5 Symbiosis and Parasexuality -- 6.6 Summary.

7 Fungal Associations of Protozoa and Animals -- 7.1 Characteristics of Fungi -- 7.2 Classification -- 7.3 Symbionts of Protozoa and Animals -- 7.4 Summary -- 8 Fungal Associations of Fungi, Algae, and Plants -- 8.1 Mycosymbionts of Fungi -- 8.2 Fungal-Algal Associations -- 8.3 Fungi and Plants -- 8.4 Summary -- 9 Parasitic and Mutualistic Protozoans -- 9.1 Kingdom Protozoa -- 9.2 Protozoans as Symbionts -- 9.3 Summary -- 10 Photosynthetic Associations of Protozoans and Invertebrates -- 10.1 Algae and Marine Protozoans and Invertebrates -- 10.2 Algae and Freshwater Invertebrates -- 10.3 Parasitic Algae -- 10.4 Summary -- 11 Animal Parasitism: Flukes, Tapeworms, Nematodes, and Parasitoids -- 11.1 Classification -- 11.2 Trematodes: The Flukes -- 11.3 Cestodes: The Tapeworms -- 11.4 Nematodes: The Roundworms -- 11.5 Parasitoids: Neglected Symbioses -- 11.6 Summary -- 12 Flowering Plant Symbioses -- 12.1 Plant-Animal Interactions -- 12.2 Plants and Pollinators -- 12.3 Parasitic Plants -- 12.4 Summary -- 13 Behavioral and Social Symbioses -- 13.1 Behavioral Symbioses -- 13.2 Social Symbioses -- 13.3 Summary -- 14 Symbiosis and Coevolution -- 14.1 Genetic Conflicts and Symbioses -- 14.2 Immunoparasitology: Conflict or Compromise? -- 14.3 Role of Phytoalexins and Cross-Protection in Plant Defenses -- 14.4 Products of Coevolutionary Symbioses -- 14.5 Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives on Symbiosis -- 14.6 Symbiosis in the Origin of Agriculture in Ants and Human Societies -- 14.7 Symbiosis and Human Affairs -- 14.8 Summary -- Appendix 1: Heinrich Anton de Bary (1831-1888) -- Appendix 2: Historical Landmarks of Symbiosis -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.