Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Units of Measure -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Indoor Air Pollution and Health: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey and the Living Standards Measurement Stud -- 3. Estimating Health Impacts -- 4. The Evolution of Improved Stoves in Guatemala: Lessons from Three Programs -- 5. The Role of LPG -- 6. Policy Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Index -- Tables -- 1.1 Five Principal Causes of General Morbidity and Five Principal Causes of Mortality in Guatemala, 1997-2000 -- 1.2 Comparison of Indoor Pollution Levels from Open Fire, Plancha, and LPG Stove in the Guatemalan Highlands -- 2.1 Sample Distribution: Guatemala 1998-1999 DHS -- 2.2 Sample Distribution: Guatemala 2000 LSMS -- 2.3 Guatemalan Households with Electricity -- 2.4 Distribution of Main or Single Fuels Used for Cooking in Guatemala from 1998-1999 DHS -- 2.5 Summary of All Fuels Used for Cooking by Guatemalan Households -- 2.6 Combination of Fuels and Kitchen Facilities in Guatemalan Homes -- 2.7 Respiratory Symptoms in Children by Fuel and Cooking Space from 1998-1999 DHS -- 2.8 Respiratory Symptoms in Children by Fuel and Cooking Space from 2000 LSMS -- 3.1 Percentage of Rural Households Using Fuelwood, Conditional on House Characteristics -- 3.2 Personal and Daily Average Kitchen Measurements of Particulate Matter in the Guatemalan Highlands -- 3.3 Adjusted Odds Ratios for ARI and ALRI in Children under Age Five Estimated with a Logistic Model -- 3.4 Excess Cases of ALRI Morbidity and Mortality in the Guatemalan Highlands Associated with IAP -- 3.5 Number of Children under Age Five and ALRI Incidence Rates -- 3A.1 Biomass Fuel Use and ALRI in Children under Age Five in Developing Countries -- 4.1 Stages in the Development of Stove Technology -- 4.2 Communities Selected for the Study.

4.3 Typical Subsidies of Three Programs in Rural Guatemala, 2002 -- 4.4 Comparisons of Stove Issues for Six Villages in Three Improved Stove Projects -- 4.5 Problems with Improved Stove Chimneys in Guatemala, 2002 -- 4.6 The Benefits of Improved Stoves in Two Programs in Guatemala, 2002 -- 4.7 Positive Aspects of the Improved Stoves Project Case Studies -- 4.8 Weaknesses of the Improved Stoves Project Case Studies -- 5.1 Household Fuel Use Patterns for Cooking and Heating -- 5.2 LPG Availability and Uptake by Households -- 5.3 Cylinder Sizes in Guatemala -- 5.4 Retail Cost of LPG Cylinder and Stove -- 5.5 Mean Monthly per Capita and Household Expenditures -- 5.6 Retail Prices of LPG Sold in 25 lb (11.4 kg) Cylinders, April 22-28, 2002 -- Figures -- 1.1 Energy Options, Ranked by Increasing Effectiveness in Mitigating the Health Impacts of IAP -- 4.1 Typical Plancha Stove Promoted by the Social Fund in Guatemala -- 4.2 The Tezulutlán Stove -- 4.3 Varieties of Intervida-Type Stove -- 4.4 Stoves in Rural Households -- 4.5 Firebox Differences between Stoves -- 5.1 Comparison of LPG Prices (exclusive of taxes) -- 5.2 Price of LPG Sold in 25 lb (11.4 kg) Cylinder in Guatemala City.