Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- CHAPTER 1 The Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: A Global Perspective -- Introduction -- Epidemiological features -- Clinical features -- Incubation, infectivity and transmission -- Incubation period -- Period of infectivity -- Routes of transmission -- Transmission in hospital -- Transmission in the community -- Superspreaders/superspreading event patient -- Prevention and control -- Breaking the chain of transmission -- Surveillance and reporting -- Isolation of patients -- Hospital infection control -- Contact tracing and isolation of contacts -- Management of an outbreak -- Public education -- Border control measures and travel precautions -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 2 The Role of Emergency Medicine in Screening SARS Patients -- Introduction -- Historical background -- Questions without answers -- Clinical assessment -- Staff and patient safety -- Definition -- Clinical features -- Radiography -- Laboratory tests -- SARS-screening clinic -- Guidelines for screening contact subjects -- Staff safety -- Managing patients with suspected SARS -- Hospital admission criteria -- Follow-up criteria -- Discharge criteria -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a University Hospital in Hong Kong -- Epidemiology: University Hospital experience -- Diagnosis of SARS -- Clinical features -- Laboratory features [2,6] -- Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors -- Virological testing for SARS -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Imaging of Pneumonias -- Introduction -- Radiographic pattern -- Lobar pneumonia -- Streptococcus pneumoniae -- Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedlander's pneumonia) -- Legionella pneumophila -- Bronchopneumonia -- Staphylococcus aureus -- Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- Haemophilus influenzae.

Esherichia coli -- Infectious interstitial pneumonia -- Viruses -- Mycoplasma pneumoniae -- Pneumocystis carinii -- Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Primary pulmonary TB -- Post-primary TB -- Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria -- Fungal pulmonary infections -- Utility of CT -- References -- CHAPTER 5 The Role of Chest Radiographs in the Diagnosis of SARS -- Introduction -- Pathological considerations -- Role of the CXR in the diagnosis of SARS -- Protocol for diagnostic imaging -- During the initial outbreak -- End of the epidemic -- Digital radiography and picture archiving and communication system -- CXR appearances -- Differential diagnosis -- Blind spots for CXRs -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 6 Chest Radiography: Clinical Correlation and Its Role in the Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- Introduction -- Treatment protocol -- Radiological and clinical patterns during treatment -- Radiological pattern during treatment (Figure 6.1) -- Clinical pattern during treatment -- Radiographic changes and correlation with clinical course -- Phase 1 -- Phase 2 -- Phase 3 -- Clinico-radiological correlation -- Radiographic changes and clinical outcome -- Radiographic changes and laboratory features -- Role of CXR in management of SARS -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 7 The Role of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of SARS -- Introduction -- Scanning technique -- Indication -- Imaging features on HRCT -- Appearances -- Location -- Differential diagnosis -- Diagnostic pitfalls -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 8 The Role of Imaging in the Follow-up of SARS -- Introduction -- Follow-up presentation of SARS patients -- Pathological considerations -- Role of imaging in the follow-up of SARS -- Chest radiographs and high-resolution CT -- Other types of imaging -- Imaging appearances -- Chest radiograph -- HRCT.

Patients with major complications -- Intensive care patients -- SARS patients with evidence of lung fibrosis -- Protocol for follow-up imaging -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- Background -- General approach -- Clinical outcome -- Antiviral agents -- Immuno-modulators -- Convalescent plasma -- Ventilatory support -- New treatment -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 10 SARS in the Intensive Care Unit -- Introduction -- ICU admission -- ICU management and progress -- ICU outcome -- Infection control -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 11 Imaging of Pneumonia in Children -- Introduction -- Chest X-ray and common infective agents -- Infants and preschool children -- Radiological findings -- Viral pneumonia -- School-age children -- Causes -- Radiographic findings -- Bacterial pneumonia -- Tuberculosis pneumonia -- CT and common infective agents -- Why is it sparingly used in kids? -- CT features -- Bacterial infection -- Viral infection -- Tuberculosis -- Evaluation of persistent or recurrent pneumonia -- Underlying predisposing conditions -- Developmental abnormalities -- Complications of pneumonia and role of CT -- Parapneumonic effusion/empyema -- Necrotizing pneumonia -- CT features of compromised and non-compromised lung -- Abscess -- Pneumatocoele -- Other roles of CT -- Chronic sequelae and role of CT -- Brochiolitis obliterans -- Causes -- Radiological findings -- Swyer-James syndrome -- Fibrosis -- Bronchiectasis -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 12 Imaging and Clinical Management of Paediatric SARS -- Introduction -- Clinical presentation -- Problems with World Health Organization definition -- Plain radiography -- High-resolution computed tomography -- Management and outcome -- Infection control -- Risk stratification and guidelines for paediatric patients.

SARS precautions in paediatric wards -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 13 Imaging of SARS in North America -- Introduction -- Clinical manifestations of SARS in North America -- Radiographic manifestations of SARS in North America -- High-resolution CT Findings of SARS in North America -- References -- CHAPTER 14 Radiographers' Perspective in the Outbreak of SARS -- Introduction -- Modification of routine radiographic practice -- Plain radiography -- CT -- Emotional impact of SARS outbreak on radiographers -- In the early days of the outbreak -- During the outbreak -- Towards the end of the outbreak -- Radiographers' perspective in the outbreak of SARS -- Reference -- CHAPTER 15 Implementation of Measures to Prevent the Spread of SARS in a Radiology Department* -- Introduction -- Infection control measures to be taken by staff -- Staff education -- Personal protective apparel -- Infection control measures to be taken by patients -- General measures to be taken by managers in the radiology department -- Patient segregation -- Staff education and enforcement of infection control measures -- Designate areas for staff to change into personal protective apparel -- Showering system -- Appointments -- Cleaning and disinfection -- Staffing arrangements -- Resuscitation -- Infection control measures for specific modalities -- General radiography -- CT -- Ultrasound -- Fluoroscopy/contrast studies -- Angiography and interventional radiology -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Nuclear medicine -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 16 Aftermath of SARS -- Introduction -- Audits -- Post-SARS sequelae -- Musculoskeletal problems -- Adrenal insufficiency -- Psychological scars -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 17 Update on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- Introduction -- Diagnosis and classification -- CDC case definition.

Clinical criteria -- Epidemiological criteria -- Possible exposure to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) -- Likely exposure to SARS-CoV -- Laboratory criteria -- Exclusion criteria -- Case classification -- SARS RUI -- SARS-CoV disease -- WHO case definition -- Prominence of radiology -- Clinical trials -- Treatment trials -- Imaging trials -- Plans for the future -- Plans on a global scale -- The SARS alert -- Plans for the community -- Plans for the hospitals -- Plans for radiology departments -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.