Preface and Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1. Purpose of Study -- 2. Summary of Questions and Arguments -- Chapter 2 Description of the Situation -- A. Background of Refugee Crises of Iraq -- 1. The Kurds of Iraq -- 2. The Shiites of Iraq -- 3. The Mesopotamian Background -- 4. British Occupation and Mandatory Regime -- 5. The Politics of Iraq and its Government -- 6. Major Powers and the International Community -- 7. The Refugee Crisis of 1974 - Detailed Account -- 8. The Refugee Crisis of 1988 - Detailed Account -- 9. The Refugee Crisis of 1991 - Detailed Account -- 10. The Refugee Crisis of 1996 - Detailed Account -- 11. The Potential Refugee Crisis 2003 -- B. Role of Neighbouring Countries -- 1. Kuwait -- 2. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan -- 3. The Syrian Arab Republic -- 4. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia -- 5. The Islamic Republic of Iran -- 6. Republic of Turkey -- 7. Overall Assessment -- C. Existing Humanitarian Challenges in the Region -- 1. Pre-Occupation Iraq -- 2. Iraq under Occupation -- 3. Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Law and Humanitarian Actors -- A. Role of the UN and Humanitarian Agencies Involved -- 1. The International Relief System and Refugee Population -- 2. Funding of UN Humanitarian Agencies -- 3. Iraq, the Test Case -- 4. Role of Non-Governmental Humanitarian Actors -- 5. The 2003 War and the Occupation of Iraq -- 6. Overall Assessment -- B. Legal Terms of Reference -- 1. Architecture of Refugee Law -- 2. Legal Basis for Humanitarian Intervention in Iraq -- 3. Legal Obligations of Regional States -- Chapter 4 Applicability of International Law -- A. Lacunae in the Refugee Definition and Treaty Obligations -- 1. The Definition -- 2. Treaty Obligations -- 3. The Lacunae -- 4. Conclusion -- B. Protection for Refugees Compared to IDPs -- 1. Legal Grounds for Humanitarian Intervention in Favour of IDPs.

2. Protection of IDPs under International Law -- 3. Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement -- 4. Refugee Protection versus IDP Protection -- 5. Treatment of IDPs by International Organizations -- 6. Refugees versus IDPs in Iraq -- 7. Conclusion -- C. Deficiency in Addressing Mass Influx -- 1. Development of the Scope of Legal Protection in Mass Influx -- 2. Legal Eligibility of Mass Influx Refugees -- 3. Measures Applied to Recent Cases of Mass Influx -- 4. Conclusion -- D. The Principle of Burden-Sharing -- 1. Evolution of the Concept -- 2. Retrospect: The EU Practice -- 3. Defining Burden-sharing -- 4. Should Burden-sharing be an Obligation? -- 5. Burden-sharing in UNHCR's Global Consultations -- 6. Burden-sharing in the Context of Iraq -- 7. Conclusion -- E. Relevance of Human Rights -- 1. Human Rights vs. Humanitarian Law and Refugee Law -- 2. Human Rights as Applied to Refugees -- 3. Adherence of States in the Region -- 4. Legal Relevance of Human Rights -- 5. Human Right of Refugees and Sanctions in Iraq -- 6. Conclusion -- F. Soft Laws and Precedents: Efforts to Redress Shortcomings -- 1. Brief Review of the Shortcomings of International Refugee Law -- 2. Why Soft Laws? -- 3. Soft Laws Formulated to Redress Shortcomings -- 4. Soft Laws Formulated to Weaken Protection -- 5. Soft Laws and Precedents for the Post War Iraq -- 6. Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Evaluation and Recommendations -- Selected Bibliography -- Index.