ENERGY RESOURCES -- ENERGY RESOURCES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ASSESSMENT OF THE WIND POWER POTENTIAL OF HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DATA SET AND METHODS -- Study Area -- METEOROLOGICAL DATASET -- THE POWER LAW PROFILE -- PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION -- FITNESS OF THE WEIBULL PDF -- WIND SPEED PERSISTENCE -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Winds Probability -- Periods of Turbine Activity -- Wind Power Density -- The Modification of Airflow by Local Topography -- Morphology of the Reservoirs' Valleys -- Managing Dry Periods with Wind-Hydro Integration -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- APPENDIX A -- The Behavior of the Planetary Boundary Layer for Tropical Reservoirs -- REFERENCES -- BIOENERGY IN CENTRAL EUROPE - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, INTERNATIONAL BIOFUEL TRADE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION AND OUTLINE -- 2. THE CONTRIBUTION OF BIOMASS TO THE ENERGY SUPPLY -- 2.1. The Structure of Energy Consumption in Central Europe -- 2.2. The Contribution of Bioenergy in Central Europe -- 2.2.1. The Structure of Biomass Use and Recent Developments -- 2.2.2. Biofuels for Transport -- 2.2.3. Support Schemes for Bioenergy -- 2.3. The Development of Bioenergy Use in Austria -- 3. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY -- 3.1. Methodological Aspects -- 3.2. Net Imports and Exports of Biomass -- 3.2.1. Wood and Wood Waste -- 3.2.2. Wood Pellets -- 3.2.3. Indirect Imports of Wood Residues -- 3.2.4. Liquid Biofuels for Transport -- 3.3. Streams of Wood Biomass in Central Europe -- 3.4. Cross-Border Trade Related to Bioenergy Use in Austria -- 3.4.1. Biomass Trade According to Energy Statistics -- 3.4.2. Cross-Border Trade of Biofuels -- Biodiesel -- Bioethanol -- 3.4.3. Indirect Cross-Border Trade of Wood-Based Fuels -- 3.4.4. Summary -- 3.5. The Impact of Biodiesel Production on International Trade Streams.

4. POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS FOR AN ENHANCED USE OF BIOENERGY IN CENTRAL EUROPE -- 4.1. Bioenergy in the Context of Eu Energy Policy -- 4.2. Review and Discussion of Biomass Potentials in Literature -- 5. DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- 5.1. Recent Developments in Bioenergy Use in CE -- 5.2. International Biomass Trade -- 5.3. Resource Potentials -- 5.4. Towards the 2020-Targets -- REFERENCES -- EMERGENCY PLANNING ZONE: CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY AND EXPLOITATION OF ITS PROCESS HEAT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SECTION ONE: THE EPZ -- 2.1. IAEA's Definition of EPZ -- 2.1.1. Precautionary Action Zone (PAZ) -- 2.1.2. Urgent Protective Action Planning Zone (UPZ) -- 2.1.3. Long Term Protective Action Planning Zone (LPZ) -- 3. DEFINITION OF EPZ BY NRC -- 3.1. Exclusion Area (EA or EAB) -- 3.2. Low Population Zone (LPZ) -- 3.3. Plume Exposure Pathway and Ingestion Exposure Pathway Zones -- 4. EPZS WORLDWIDE -- 4.1. Differences in EPZ Regulations around the World -- 4.2. EPZ Reduction and the Role of Small Reactors -- 4.2.1. Attempts to Reduce the EPZ -- 4.2.2. EPZ Reduction/Elimination Goals -- 4.2.3. Correlation between Size and EPZ Dimension -- CONCLUSION -- 5. SECTION TWO: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN THE EPZ -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Low Temperature Applications -- 5.2.1. Nuclear District Heating -- 5.2.2. Technical Requirements for Nuclear District Heating -- Required Temperatures -- Suitable Reactors -- Distance from the User -- Capacity -- Load Factor -- Expected Availability of a Heat Distribution Network -- Availability Factor -- Backup Capacity -- Heat Storage -- Safety -- Conclusion -- 5.3. NUCLEAR PROCESS HEAT -- 5.3.1. Technical Requirements for Nuclear Process Heat -- Required Temperatures -- Suitable Reactors -- Distance from the Customer -- Annual Load Factor.

Needed Availability Factor -- Backup Capacity -- Safety -- 5.3.2. Market for Nuclear Process Heat -- Market Fragmentation -- Process Heat Users: Main Industries -- Worldwide Experiences in Nuclear Process Heat -- Siting and Construction -- The Role of SMRs in Nuclear Process Heat -- Conclusion -- 5.4. High Temperature Applications -- 5.4.1. Gasification via Nuclear Heat -- Technological Options -- Feedstock -- Products and Applications -- 5.4.2. Hydrogen Production via Nuclear Heat -- Market Perspectives -- Hydrogen Production Methods -- Process Requirements -- Nuclear Reactor Selection -- Economics of H2 Production -- Economics of H2 Distribution -- 5.4.3. Shale Oil Extraction -- Shale Oil Reserves in the World -- 5.4.3.1. Shale Oil Extraction Technologies -- Surface Mining -- In-Situ Refining -- Nuclear Energy as a Source of Heat for In-Situ Shale Oil Recovery -- Economics -- Environmental Considerations -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- LIGNIN: A PEBBLE IN THE SHOE OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. PLANT CELL WALL STRUCTURE -- 2. PLANT CELL WALL COMPOSITION -- 3. BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIGNIN -- 3.1. Biosynthesis of Monolignols -- 3.2. Lignification -- 4. INTERFERENCE OF LIGNIN IN THE SACCHARIFICATION PROCESS -- 5. LIGNIN ENGINEERING -- 6. PERSPECTIVES IN LIGNIN ENGINEERING -- REFERENCES -- CARBON DYNAMIC AND EMISSIONS IN BRAZILIAN HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Context -- 2. STUDY SITE AND METHODS -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Input and Output by the rivers -- 3.2. Sediment Carbon Concentration and Fluxes -- 4. PROCESSES IN WATER COLUMN -- 5. FLUX IN WATER - AIR INTERFACE -- 5.1. Diffusive Flux -- 5.2. Bubble Flux -- 5.3. Factors Controlling the Flux -- 5.3.1. Age -- 5.3.2. Climate Dynamics -- 5.3.2.1. Effects of Cold Fronts in the Stratification of Manso Reservoir.

5.3.2.2. Effects of Cold Fronts in Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Emissions in Corumbá Reservoir -- 5.3.2.3. River Power -- 5.3.2.4 Wind Power -- 5.4. Spatial Variability -- 5.4.1. CO2-EQ. Fluxes at Water-Atmosphere Interface -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- EFFICIENCY OF FOREST CHIP TRANSPORTATION FROM RUSSIAN KARELIA TO FINLAND -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Analysis of Forest Chip Transportation Efficiency -- 2.2. Laboratory Analysis of the Quality of Forest Chips Supplied from Russia to Finland -- 2.3. Interviews with Forest Chip Truck Drivers -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. Efficiency of Forest Chip Transportation -- 3.2. Quality of Forest Chips Supplied from Russia to Finland -- 3.3. Opinions of Forest Chip Truck Drivers -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- APPENDIX A -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.