Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Preface -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- Deforestation and development -- Structure of the book -- 2 Development of the Brazilian Amazon -- The geographic focus: the Brazilian Legal Amazonia -- Historical perspectives -- "Operation Amazonia" and SUDAM -- The rise of environmental concern -- Improvements in monitoring capacity and enforcement -- The distributional impact of Amazon development -- Avancça Brasil -- Conclusions -- 3 The municipal database -- Deforestation: concepts and measures -- Cleared land -- Natural vegetation -- Comparing deforestation estimates based on land surveys and satellite data -- The Agricultural Censuses -- Socio-economic dimensions -- Demographic variables -- GDP -- Cattle herd -- Land prices -- Road building -- Subsidized credit -- Logging -- Geo-ecological dimensions -- Soil quality, rainfall, and temperature -- Conservation Units and Indigenous Reserves -- Neighbor/spatial variables -- 4 The sources and agents of deforestation -- Cattle ranching -- Government subsidies -- Land speculation -- Other reasons for the expansion of cattle -- Small- and large-scale agriculture -- Logging -- Mining -- Large-scale mining -- Placer mining -- Hydroelectric dams -- Property rights -- Secondary forest growth -- 5 Alternatives to deforestation: extractivism -- The data -- Mapping extractive value densities -- Explaining spatial differences in extraction values -- Conclusions and discussion -- 6 Modeling deforestation and development in the Brazilian Amazon -- Previous studies -- Model specification -- Modified "general-to-simple" modeling: random reduction -- Model specification and variables -- Timeframe of the analysis -- Estimation results -- Growth of cleared land -- Rural GDP growth -- Urban GDP growth.

Urban and rural population growth -- Growth of cattle herds -- Paved and unpaved roads -- Policy simulations -- Avança Brasil -- Land-use regulation -- Conclusions -- 7 Carbon emissions -- The carbon inventory model -- Carbon contents -- Carbon dynamics -- Carbon stocks -- The age structure of fallow lands -- The age structure of crop lands -- Clearing, carbon emissions, and economic growth, 1970-1985 -- Clearing -- Carbon emissions -- Economic growth -- Discussion of the results -- Comparisons with other carbon emission studies -- Uncertainties -- Biomass content -- Forest fragmentation and edge effects -- Steady-state assumption -- Conclusions -- 8 The costs and benefits of deforestation -- The global costs and benefits of Amazon deforestation -- Economic valuation -- Choosing a discount rate -- The value of intact Amazonian forests -- Local private benefits -- Sustainable timber production -- Non-timber forest products -- Local public benefits -- Water recycling -- Nutrient recycling -- Fire control -- Erosion control and watershed protection -- Global benefits -- Carbon storage -- Biodiversity protection -- Existence value -- The value of cleared land in the Amazon -- The benefits of land clearing according to land prices and site studies -- The benefits of land clearing according to Legal Amazonia-wide data -- The benefits of land clearing according to the estimated model -- Towards a better use of the Amazon rainforest -- Conclusions -- 9 Conclusions and recommendations -- Conclusions -- Policy implications -- Technical appendix -- A1 Econometric philosophy -- A2 Panel model evaluation -- A3 Random reduction estimation strategy -- A4 Technical issues with simulations -- A5 Full model results -- References -- Index.