Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Transliteration Guide -- Prologue -- ONE: Introduction -- Scholarly Contexts -- Theoretical Considerations -- Methodological Considerations -- TWO: Historical Background -- Pioneering Monastics -- Dogen and Women -- Tokugawa Encroachments -- Meiji Reclamations -- THREE: Twentieth-Century Leadership -- First Generation: Rapid Ascent through Education -- Second Generation: Strategists of Egalitarianism -- Third Generation: Zen Master of a New Tradition -- FOUR: The Monastic Practices of Zen Nuns -- Nuns' Vision of Monastic Life -- Daily Life in a Monastery of Zen Nuns -- Divisions within the Monastery -- Ceremonial Rituals and Activities -- Educational Curriculum and Degrees -- The Aesthetics of Discipline -- FIVE: Motivations, Commitments, and Self-Perceptions -- Changing Life Patterns of Twentieth-Century Zen Nuns -- Buddhist Practice: Meaning and Action -- Nuns' Views on Monastic Life -- SIX: Conclusion: Innovators for the Sake of Tradition -- Preservers and Creators of Buddhist Tradition -- Bearers and Transmitters of Traditional Japanese Culture -- Endnotes -- Appendix A. Questionnaire -- Appendix B. Glossary of Japanese Terms -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- S -- T -- U -- W -- Y -- Z -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Photographs.