CONTENTS -- Part I Genes, Genome and Information Network -- 1 Reporter Genes in Cell Based ultra High Throughput Screening -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 From Gene to Target -- 1.3 Screening Assay Classes -- 1.4 Reporter Gene Classes -- 1.5 Flash-Light Reporter Genes -- 1.6 Glow-Light Reporter Genes -- 1.7 Coelenterazine Dependent Luciferases -- 1.8 Luciferin Dependent Luciferases -- 1.9 Non-Luciferase Glow-Light Reporter Genes -- 1.10 Fluorescent Proteins -- 1.11 Cell Based Assay Formats in ultra High Throughput Screening (uHTS) -- 1.12 Reporter Genes in uHTS -- 1.13 Photoprotein Readouts and Cell-Based Assay Development -- 1.14 Multiplexing Reporter Gene Readouts -- 1.15 Ultra High Throughput Screening -- References -- 2 Gene Arrays for Gene Discovery -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Data Processing -- 2.3 Gene Discovery by Gene Clustering -- 2.4 TGF-β1 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Assessed by Gene Expression Profiling -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Physical Modulation of Cellular Information Networks -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cellular Responses to Physical Stimulation -- 3.3 Electrically Controlled Proliferation Under Constant Potential Application -- 3.4 Modulated Proliferation Under Extreme Hydrostatic Pressure -- 3.5 Electrically Modulated Gene Expression Under Alternative Potential Application -- 3.6 Cellular Engineering to Enhance Responses to Physical Stimulation -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II Cell and Tissue Imaging -- 4 Fluorescence Live-Cell Imaging: Principles and Applications in Mechanobiology -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fluorescence Proteins -- 4.3 Fluorescence Microscopy -- 4.4 Applications in Mechanobiology -- 4.5 Perspective in Cardiovascular Physiology and Diseases -- References -- 5 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) - An Emerging Technology for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Biological Tissues.

5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) -- 5.3 Applications in Tissue Engineering -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Ultrasonic Strain Imaging and Reconstructive Elastography for Biological Tissue -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Ultrasound Elastography -- 6.3 Reconstructive Ultrasound Elastography -- 6.4 Medical Results of Elastography -- 6.5 Results of an Intravascular Ultrasound Study -- 6.6 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Part III Regenerative Medicine and Nanoengineering -- 7 Aspects of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Somatic Cell Therapy of Degenerative Diseases -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Rationale for the Cardiac Tissue Engineering -- 7.3 Embryonic Stem Cells as an Unlimited Source for Cardiomyocytes -- 7.4 Therapeutical Cloning of Embryonic Stem Cells -- 7.5 Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes -- 7.6 Cardiac Tissue Slices -- 7.7 Bioartificial Heart Tissue Based on Biomaterials -- 7.8 Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering -- 7.9 The Ideal Cell -- 7.10 Preparation of Cells for In-Vitro Tissue Engineering: Cell Permeable Cre/loxP System -- 7.11 Outlook -- References -- 8 Collagen Fabrication for the Cell-based Implants in Regenerative Medicine -- 8.1 Regenerative Medicine -- 8.2 The Cell-Based Implants -- 8.3 Requirements of Materials for the Cell-Based Implants -- 8.4 Biomaterials in the Cell-Hybridization -- 8.5 Characteristics of Collagen -- 8.6 Fabrication of Collagen -- 8.7 Collagen in the Cell-based Implants -- 8.8 Discussion -- References -- 9 Tissue Engineering - Combining Cells and Biomaterials into Functional Tissues -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Cells -- 9.3 The Material -- References -- 10 Micro and Nano Patterning for Cell and Tissue Engineering -- 10.1 Overview -- 10.2 Regulation of Cell Functions by Matrix Patterning -- 10.3 Topographic Regulation of Cell Functions.

10.4 Engineering 3D Environments with Micro Features -- 10.5 Nano Patterning for Cell and Tissue Engineering -- 10.6 Perspective -- References -- 11 Integrative Nanobioengineering: Novel Bioelectronic Tools for Real Time Pharmaceutical High Content Screening in Living Cells and Tissues -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Real Time Monitoring and High Content Screening -- 11.3 Outlook and Future Aspects -- References -- Part IV Mechanics of Soft Tissues, Fluids and Molecules -- 12 Soft Materials in Technology and Biology - Characteristics, Properties, and Parameter Identification -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Material Description -- 12.3 Basics of Continuum Mechanics -- 12.4 Basics of Material Theory -- 12.5 Material Laws for Technical and Biological Polymers -- 12.6 Volume Change in Biopolymers -- 12.7 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 13 Modeling Cellular Adaptation to Mechanical Stress -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 A Brief Review of Stretch-Induced Cell Remodeling -- 13.3 Measurements, Modeling, and Mechanotransduction -- 13.4 A New Approach for the Study of the Mechanobiology of Cell Stretching -- 13.5 Illustrative Examples -- 13.6 Closure -- References -- 14 How Strong is the Beating of Cardiac Myocytes? - The CellDrum Solution -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The Cell Drum Technique -- 14.3 Preparation of Samples -- References -- 15 Mechanical Homeostasis of Cardiovascular Tissue -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Shear Stress and Scaling Laws of Vascular System -- 15.3 Stress and Strain -- 15.4 Intramural Stress and Strain -- 15.5 Perturbation of Mechanical Homeostasis -- 15.6 Limitations, Implications and Future Directions -- References -- 16 The Role of Macromolecules in Stabilization and De-Stabilization of Biofluids -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 The Effects of Macromolecules on the Stability of Colloids.

16.3 Macromolecular Depletion at Biological Interfaces -- 16.4 Cell-Cell Interactions Mediated by Macromolecular Depletion -- 16.5 Stabilization of Bio-Fluids via Macromolecules -- 16.6 Destabilization of Bio-Fluids via Macromolecular Binding -- 16.7 Conclusion & Outlook -- References -- 17 Hemoglobin Senses Body Temperature -- 17.1 Instead of an Introduction -- 17.2 Physiological Aspects of Thermoregulation in the Body -- 17.3 Red Blood Cells -- 17.4 Temperature Transition in RBC Passage Through Micropipettes -- 17.5 The Molecular Mechanism of the Micropipette Passage Transition -- 17.6 Hemoglobin Viscosity Transition -- 17.7 Circular Dichroism Transition in Diluted Hb Solutions -- 17.8 A RBC Volume Transition Revealed with Micropipette Studies -- 17.9 Micropipette Passage Transition in D2O Buffer -- 17.10 NMR T1 Relaxation Time Transition of RBCs in Autologous Plasma -- 17.11 Colloid Osmotic Pressure Transition of RBC Suspended in Plasma -- 17.12 The Temperature Transition Effect so Far -- 17.13 Strange coevals - Ornithorhynchus anatinus and Tachyglossus aculeatus -- 17.14 Hb Temperature Transition of Species with Body Temperatures Different from 37 ◦ C -- 17.15 Molecular Structural Mechanism of the Temperature Transitions -- 17.16 Physics Meets Physiology -- References -- Part V Bioengineering in Clinical Applications -- 18 Nitric Oxide in the Vascular System: Meet a Challenge -- 18.1 Nitric Oxide: NO -- 18.2 NO in Vascular Biology -- 18.3 Key Questions -- 18.4 Assessment of NO Mediated Vasoactivity -- 18.5 From the In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Detection of NO Effects to Biochemical Assessment of NO -- 18.6 On the Road to a Potential Sensitive Marker for NO Formation: Is Nitrite a Candidate? -- 18.7 More Information About NO Interactions in the Blood -- 18.8 Intravascular Sources of NO -- 18.9 The Potential Relevance of RBC NOS Activity -- 18.10 Outlook.

References -- 19 Vascular Endothelial Responses to Disturbed Flow: Pathologic Implications for Atherosclerosis -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Endothelial Dysfunction is a Marker of Atherosclerotic Risk -- 19.3 Correlation Between Lesion Locations and Disturbed Flow Regions of the Arterial Tree -- 19.4 In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Disturbed Flow on ECs -- 19.5 In Vivo Studies on the Effects of Disturbed Flow on ECs -- 19.6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 20 Why is Sepsis an Ongoing Clinical Challenge? Lipopolysaccharide Effects on Red Blood Cell Volume -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Physiopathological Events During Sepsis -- 20.3 Markers in Clinical Diagnosis of Sepsis -- 20.4 Microcirculation and Sepsis -- 20.5 Therapy -- 20.6 Activated Protein C -- 20.7 Red Blood Cell Behaviour During Sepsis -- 20.8 New Perspective -- References -- 21 Bioengineering of Inflammation and Cell Activation: Autodigestion in Shock -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Inflammation in Shock and Multi-Organ Failure -- 21.3 The Pancreas as a Source of Cellular Activating Factors and the Role of Serine Proteases -- 21.4 Blockade on Pancreatic Digestive Enzymes in the Lumen of the Intestine -- 21.5 What Mechanisms Prevent Auto-digestion? -- 21.6 Triggers of Shock Increase Intestinal Wall Permeability -- 21.7 Intestine as Source of Inflammatory Mediators in Shock -- 21.8 Characterization of Protease-Derived Shock Factors -- 21.9 Cytotoxic Factors Derived from the Intestine -- 21.10 Removal or Blockade of Intestinal Cytotoxic Mediators -- 21.11 Conclusions -- References -- 22 Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: A Review of Two Intraoperative Complications -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Vertebroplasty: Minimally Invasive and Cost-Effective Solution -- 22.3 Extravertebral Biomechanics: Excessive Delivery Pressure -- 22.4 Intravertebral Biomechanics: Risk of Extravasation.

22.5 Injectable Biomaterials.