Figures, Tables and Appendices -- Series editors' preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter One. European values at the turn of the millennium: an introduction Wil Arts & Loek Halman -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A short history of comparative sociology -- 3 Quantitative variable-oriented comparative cross-national research -- 4 Cross-national value research in action -- 4.1 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) -- 4.2 International Social Justice Project (ISJP) -- 4.3 Religious and Moral Pluralism (RAMP) -- 4.4 European Social Survey (ESS) -- 4.5 European Values Study (EVS) and World Values Surveys (WVS) -- 5 What such projects reveal -- 6 Score so far -- 7 Exploring the cultural map of Europe at the turn of the millennium -- References -- Chapter Two. European value changes in the second age of modernity Wil Arts & Loek Halman -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical perspectives -- 2.1 Towards instrumentalism and individualism? -- 2.2 Modernization theory revisited -- 2.3 Changing values -- 2.4 Death and resurrection of modernization theory -- 3 Reflexive modernity -- 3.1 From simple to reflexive modernity -- 3.2 Risk assessment -- 4 Research questions -- 5 Conjectures and expectations -- 6 Data and measurements -- 7 Analyses and results -- 7.1 Control over life -- 7.2 Interpersonal trust -- 7.3 Institutional trust -- 7.4 Post-materialism -- 7.5 Overall pattern -- 7.6 Trajectories of change -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Three. The link between subjective well-being and objective conditions in European societies Tony Fahey & Emer Smyth -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data -- 3 Country differences in levels of satisfaction -- 4 Levels of variance in life-satisfaction -- 5 From aggregate to individual-level patterns -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References.

Chapter Four. Social capital and life satisfaction Helmut K. Anheier, Sally Stares & Paola Grenier -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Competing models -- 3 Methodology and data -- 4 Results and discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Five Voluntary organizations and the development of civil society Jerzy Bartkowski & Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical premises and research hypotheses -- 3 Data and measurement -- 4 National and regional differences in membership and activity in voluntary organizations -- 5 Structural and individual factors affecting participating in voluntary organizations -- 6 Sources of social capital in Central-Eastern Europe -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Six Social values, prejudice and solidarity in the European Union Jorge Vala, Marcus Lima & Diniz Lopes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overt prejudice and solidarity in countries with a tradition of emigration and of immigration -- 2.1 Method -- 2.2 Results -- 3 Predictors of prejudice in EU countries: the role of values of egalitarianism and meritocratic individualism -- 3.1 Method -- 3.2 Results -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Seven. Families and values in Europe James Georgas, Kostas Mylonas, Aikaterini Gari & Penny Panagiotopoulou -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analyses -- 2.1 Exploratory factor analysis of respondents in 33 European countries -- 2.2 Factor equivalence across all countries -- 2.3 Clusters of countries with similar value structures -- 2.4 Mean composite scores of factors and clusters -- 2.5 Demographic correlates -- 3 Discussion -- 3.1 Family values and attitudes, demographic variables, and country clusters -- 3.1.1 Religiosity and family life -- 3.1.2 Companionship in marriage -- 3.1.3 Abortion and divorce -- 3.1.4 Children, family life, and marriage -- 3.1.5 Working wife and mother.

3.2 Patterns of country clusters and family value dimensions -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Eight. Privatization in the family sphere: Longitudinal and comparative analyses in four European countries Leen Vandecasteele & Jaak Billiet -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research questions and hypotheses -- 3 Data, constructs and method -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Chapter Nine. Work and family life in Europe: Value patterns and policy making Mălina Voicu -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical framework -- 3 Data and operationalism -- 4 Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Ten. European work orientations at the end of the twentieth century Hans de Witte, Loek Halman & John Gelissen -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Individualization and economic development as possible causes for differences in work orientation -- 2.1 Individual characteristics and their connection with work orientations -- 2.2 Background characteristics -- 2.3 Value orientations -- 2.4 Country characteristics and their association with work orientations -- 3 Research design -- 3.1 Data and sample surveys -- 3.2 Measurements -- 3.3 Analysis -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Preliminary description of the differences between European countries -- 4.2 Testing the hypotheses -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Eleven. Religious beliefs and practices in contemporary Europe Loek Halman & Veerle Draulans -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Trajectories of secularization -- 3 Data, measures and analytical strategy -- 3.1 The dependent variables: Religious beliefs and religious practices -- 3.2 Independent variables at individual level -- 3.3 Independent variables at aggregate level -- 3.4 Analytical strategy -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Bi-variate analyses at individual level -- 4.2 Bi-variate analyses at aggregate level -- 4.3 Multi-variate analyses -- 4.3.1 Religiosity -- 4.3.2 Religious practice.

4.4 Clustering of European countries -- 4.5 Belonging without believing and believing without belonging? -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Twelve. Normative orientations towards the differentiation between religion and politics Loek Halman & Thorleif Pettersson -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Differentiation or dedifferentiation of religion and politics? -- 3 Data and measurements -- 3.1 Dependent variables: Views on the relationship between religion and politics -- 3.2 Independent variables -- 3.2.1 Two micro-level value orientations -- 3.2.2 Macro level variables -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Thirteen. Civic morality in stable, new, and half-hearted democracies Ola Listhaug & Kristen Ringdal -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical framework -- 2.1 Interpersonal relations -- 2.2 Performance -- 2.3 Culture -- 2.4 Moral behaviour of fellow citizens -- 3 Model and measurement -- 4 Empirical results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Fourteen. Gender attitudes towards religion in six post-Soviet states Larissa Titarenko -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical framework -- 3 Data and operationalization -- 4 Analysis of data on religiosity -- 5 Socio-demographic categories -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- About the authors -- Author index -- Subject index.