Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- From Cologne to Arzbach: An account of the Franconian 'tone reversal' -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The tonogenesis -- 3. The development of the core system -- 3.1. Enhancing the contrast in the interrogative intonation -- 3.2. Truncation of IP-final declarative Accent 2: Phonetic drift in Franconian -- 4. To Arzbach -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- The acoustic complexity of intonation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Shape of F0 contours -- 3. Duration and intensity patterns -- 4. Segmental intonation -- 5. Summary and conclusion -- References -- Syllable durations and sign structure in spontaneous Finnish Sign Language -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Durations and F0 variation of Swedish emotional interjections in relation to perception -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1. Acoustic correlates -- 2.2. The role of emotional prosody in the lexicon -- 3. Method -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Durations -- 4.2. F0 range -- 4.3. Happy prosody -- 5. Summary of results -- 6. Discussion -- References -- Sunnmøre word accents and last element stress revisited -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction, model and preliminaries -- 2. Initial tones of Accent 1 (H) and Accent 2 (LH) -- 3. The 'phrasal accent' L] -- 4. The pattern in compounds -- 5. Compounds and metrical structure -- 6. Special cases in Accent 2 compounds -- 7. Residual issues -- References -- Eyebrow movements in prosody -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1. Signals -- 2.2. Measurements -- 2.3. Annotation -- 3. Communicative function and other factors -- 4. Linguistic function: Subject 3 -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- On the intonation of confirmations in Southern Swedish -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods.

2.1. Materials, speakers, and recording procedure -- 2.2. Data processing -- 2.3. Measurements and statistical analysis -- 3. Results -- 3.1. General trends -- 3.2. Detailed results per syllable -- 3.3. The pre-nuclear accent in confirmations -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Prosodic effects of implicit causality in German and Norwegian? -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1. Stimuli -- 2.2. Subjects and task -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Cross-linguistic similarities and differences of lexical stress realisation in Swedish and Brazilian Portuguese -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 2.1. The parallel corpora -- 2.2. The acoustic analyses -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Unconventional methods in perception experiments -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1. Speech-in-interaction and face-to-face conversation -- 2.2. Prosody-in-interaction -- 2.3. Ecological validity versus experimental control -- 3. Examples of unconventional perception experiments -- 3.1. Audience response system-based experiments -- 3.2. Indirect judgements -- 3.3. Web-based experiments with large numbers of subjects -- 4. Some characteristics of unconventional perception experiments -- 4.1. What is the intended outcome? -- 4.2. What is controlled? -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Survey on the perception of modern Danish dialects -- Abstract -- 1. Background -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1. Interactivity using the internet -- 2.2. Points -- 2.3. Almost 30,000 attended -- 2.4. Defining the regions -- 3. Results -- 3.1 The best-known town -- 4. Conclusion -- 4.1. Copenhageners surprise -- References -- Word stress in Swedish as a function of stress level, word accent and speaking style -- Abstract.

1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Fundamental frequency level -- 3.2. Fundamental frequency variation -- 3.3. Vowel duration -- 3.4. Spectral Emphasis -- 3.6. The influence of word accent on word stress -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Backchannel relevance spaces -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1. The Spontal corpus -- 2.2. Annotations -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1 Actual backchannels -- 3.2 Potential backchannels -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- A preliminary analysis of prosodic features for a predictive model of facial movements in speech visualisation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Audiovisual data corpus -- 2.1. Acoustic data -- 2.2. Visual data -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Prominent syllables -- 3.2. Phrase and phrase boundary -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Scandinavian Object Shift as the cause of downstep -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Stockholm Swedish Model (Bruce, 1977) -- 3. Experiment -- 4. Intonational properties of the constructions relevant to Object Shift -- 4.1. The prediction regarding the Object Shift construction -- 4.2. The results of the experiment -- 5. Discussion and proposal -- 6. Conclusion and theoretical consequence -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Does intonation matter in va(d)? Intonation of open-class repair initiators in Helsinki Swedish conversations -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Appendix. Transcription glossary -- Two different intonation contours of Estonian jaajaa -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 3. Results -- 3.1. jaa jaa. with a high level-fall (Type I) -- 3.2. tjaa jaa. with a rise-fall (Type II) -- 4. Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Appendix. Transcription symbols -- Annotation of paralinguistic features for speaker characterisation -- Abstract -- 1. Identifying paralinguistic features and their use in speaker characterisation -- 2. Annotation challenges: feature categories and feature spaces -- 2.1. Software framework: Annotation System -- 2.2. Data and metadata XML file format -- 3. Towards the paralinguistic profile of the speaker -- 4. Conclusions and future work -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Rhythmic variability and Swedish-Estonian language contact -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Purpose of this study -- 3. Procedures -- 4. Results -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Finnic foot nucleus lengthening: From phonetics to phonology -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Positions in a Finnic foot nucleus -- 3. Situation in Estonian -- 4. Situation in Finnish -- 4.1. Ingrian Finnish -- 4.2. Standard Finnish -- 5. Situation in Soikkola Ingrian -- 5.1. 'Old' long non-initial vowels in Soikkola Ingrian -- 5.2. 'New' long non-initial vowels in Soikkola Ingrian -- 6. Synthesis -- 6.1. The phonetic nature of the lengthening -- 6.2. Directions for further research -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Phenomena of sentence accent in Sweden Finnish and Finland Finnish -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Finnish intonation -- 1.2. Swedish intonation -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Data and subjects -- 2.2. Approach -- 3. The causes of foreign accent -- 3.1. High prominent syllables generally -- 3.2. Prominent syllables in phrase-final position -- 3.3. Double-peaked contours -- 3.4. Low prominent syllables -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Three-way opposition of consonant quantity in Finnic and Saamic languages -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data and methods -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1. Ternary length distinction and relations of segments in the foot.

3.2. The ratio between levels of consonant length -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Native and non-native production of Estonian quantity degrees: Comparison of Estonian, Finnish and Russian subjects -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and subjects -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Perception of phrase boundaries and prominent syllables in German -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experiment design and stimuli -- 3. Results of analysis -- 4. Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The prosodic word in Swedish -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction and background -- 2. The tonal accents -- 3. Canonical cases: a prosodic word is a morphosyntactic word -- 3.1. Prosodic simplex forms -- 3.2. Prosodic compounds -- 3.3. Prosodic adjunction of prefixes -- 4. Non-canonical cases: word prosody in morphosyntactic phrases -- 4.1. Prosodic adjunction in syntax -- 4.2. Prosodic compounding in syntax -- 4.3. Prosodic simplex in syntax -- 4.4. Deaccenting of content words -- 5. Non-canonical cases: phrasal prosody in words -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Visualising speech rhythm: A survey of alternatives -- Abstract -- 1. What is rhythm to a linguist? -- 2. Typographical visualisation -- 3. Metrical notation -- 4. 'Emphasis and intonation' -- 5. Durational graphs -- 6. Bubble charts -- References -- Prosodic chunking in non-native Finnish -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Previous findings -- 1.2. Data -- 2. Current study: L1 Thai -- 3. The interrogative possessive construction -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Onset Principle in Finnish -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Discussion -- 3. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The domain of phrase-final lengthening in Estonian -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction.

2. Method and materials.