Contents -- INTRODUCTION: Four Dimensions of Ethical Theory -- I. Ethical Knowledge, Intuition, and Moral Skepticism -- II. Moral Concepts and the Natural Order -- III. Moral Psychology and Ethical Character -- IV. Reason, Judgment, and Value -- I: MORAL EPISTEMOLOGY -- 1. Internalism and Externalism in Moral Epistemology -- I. Internalism and Externalism in Epistemology -- II. Internalism and Externalism in Ethics -- III. The Range of Internalist and Externalist Moral Theories -- IV. The Moral Appraisal of Actions and Agents -- 2. Intuitionism, Pluralism, and the Foundations of Ethics -- I. Traditional Ethical Intuitionism -- II. Intuitions, Intuitionism, and Reflection -- III. Self-Evidence and the Systematization of Intuitions -- IV. Reflection as a Basis for Moral Judgments -- V. Modified Ethical Intuitionism -- 3. Skepticism in Theory and Practice: Justification and Truth, Rationality and Goodness -- I. Skepticism about Theoretical Reason -- II. The Practical Analogy to Theoretical Skepticism -- III. Three Major Responses to Normative Skepticism -- IV. The Irreducibility of Truth and Goodness -- V. Internalist Objectivism and Reasons for Action -- II: ETHICAL CONCEPTS AND MORAL REALISM -- 4. Moral Epistemology and the Supervenience of Ethical Concepts -- I. Some Major Aims of Moral Epistemology -- II. Cognitivism versus Noncognitivism in Moral Epistemology -- III. Rationalism, Empiricism, and Supervenience in Moral Epistemology -- IV. Empiricism and Reductive Naturalism -- V. Rationalism, Naturalism, and A Priori Supervenience -- VI. Prospects for a Rationalistic Moral Realism -- 5. Ethical Naturalism and the Explanatory Power of Moral Concepts -- I. The Supervenience of the Moral -- II. Explanationist Moral Realism -- III. An Alternative Moral Realism -- III: CHARACTER, RESPONSIBILITY, AND VIRTUE.

6. Self-Deception, Rationalization, and the Ethics of Belief: An Essay in Moral Psychology -- I. Self-Deception and Rationalization -- II. The Self-Deceptive Rationalization of Actions and Attitudes -- III. Self-Deception and Reasons for Acting -- 7. Responsible Action and Virtuous Character -- I. The Conceptual Territory -- II. Responsibility for Character -- III. Responsibility and Control -- IV. The Internality of Responsibility -- 8. Acting from Virtue -- I. Aristotelian and Kantian Conceptions of Action from Virtue -- II. The Motivation and Range of Action from Virtue -- III. The Cognitive and Motivational Grounding of Action from Virtue -- IV. The Moral Scope of Acting from Virtue -- IV: PRACTICAL REASON AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF ETHICS -- 9. Autonomy, Reason, and Desire -- I. Autonomy as Self-Government -- II. An Instrumentalist Conception of Autonomy -- III. An Objectivist Conception of Autonomy -- IV. Autonomy and the Role of Reason -- 10. Moral Judgment and Reasons for Action -- I. The Issues: Judgments, Motives, and Reasons -- II. Motivational Reasons and Motivational Internalism -- III. Practical Judgment and the Diversity of Internal Motivation -- IV. Rational Agency and the Evidential Role of Moral Motivation -- V. Normative Reasons and Motivational Internalism -- VI. Reasons Internalism and Moral Motivation -- VII. Reasons Externalism and Moral Motivation -- 11. Intrinsic Value and the Dignity of Persons -- I. An Aristotelian Case for Intrinsic Goodness -- II. The Range of Purportedly Intrinsic Goods -- III. Prospects for an Aristotelian Hedonism -- IV. Axiological Experientialism -- V. The Axiological and the Deontic -- VI. The Epistemology of Value -- VII. Problems for Valuational Pluralism -- 12. CONCLUSION: The Moral Justification of Actions and the Ethical Character of Persons -- I. Ethics and the Theory of Reasons for Action.

II. Epistemology and Ethical Theory -- III. The Justification of Moral Judgments: A Kantian Intuitionism -- IV. The Descriptive and Explanatory Powers of Moral Concepts -- V. Ethics in Action, Morality in Character -- VI. Virtue in Character and Moral Worth in Action -- VII. Reason and Motivation -- VIII. The Place of Value in the Foundations of Ethics -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.