Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Preface -- 1 Introduction: what is cognitive linguistics? -- PART I A conceptual approach to linguistic analysis -- 2 Frames, domains, spaces: the organization of conceptual structure -- 2.1 Arguments for frame semantics -- 2.2 Concepts: profile-frame organization -- 2.3 Some consequences of the profile-frame/domain distinction -- 2.4 Extensions of the basic profile-frame/domain distinction -- 2.4.1 Locational and configurational profiles -- 2.4.2 Scope of predication -- 2.4.3 Relationships between domains -- 2.5 Domains and idealized cognitive models -- 2.6 Mental spaces -- 3 Conceptualization and construal operations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Attention/salience -- 3.2.1 Selection -- 3.2.2 Scope of attention (dominion) -- 3.2.3 Scalar adjustment -- 3.2.4 Dynamic attention -- 3.3 Judgement/comparison -- 3.3.1 Categorization -- 3.3.2 Metaphor -- 3.3.3 Figure-ground alignment -- 3.4 Perspective/situatedness -- 3.4.1 Viewpoint -- 3.4.2 Deixis -- 3.4.3 Subjectivity -- 3.5 Constitution/Gestalt -- 3.5.1 Structural schematization -- 3.5.2 Force dynamics -- 3.5.3 Relationality (entity/interconnection) -- 3.6 Conclusion -- 4 Categories, concepts and meanings -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The classical model of category structure -- 4.3 The prototype model of category structure -- 4.3.1 Graded centrality -- 4.3.2 The representation of conceptual categories -- 4.3.3 Levels of categorization -- 4.3.3.1 Basic level categories -- 4.3.3.2 Superordinate level categories -- 4.3.3.3 Subordinate level categories -- 4.3.4 Shortcomings of prototype theory -- 4.3.4.1 Simplistic nature of feature list -- 4.3.4.2 The 'odd number paradox' -- 4.3.4.3 Problems with features -- 4.3.4.4 Contrasting categories -- 4.3.4.5 Boundaries in prototype theory.

4.3.5 The frame-based account of prototype effects -- 4.4 A dynamic construal approach to conceptual categories -- 4.4.1 Category boundaries -- 4.4.2 Frames -- 4.4.3 Levels of categorization -- 4.5 The dynamic construal of meaning -- 4.5.1 Contextualized interpretation -- 4.5.2 Purport -- 4.5.3 Constraints -- 4.5.3.1 Human cognitive capacities -- 4.5.3.2 Nature of reality -- 4.5.3.3 Convention -- 4.5.3.4 Context -- 4.5.4 Construal -- 4.5.4.1 Chains of construal and pre-meanings -- 4.5.4.2 Default construals -- 4.6 Structural and logical aspects of meaning -- 4.7 Part I: Concluding remarks -- PART II Cognitive approaches to lexical semantics -- 5 Polysemy: the construal of sense boundaries -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Full sense boundaries -- 5.2.1 Homonymy and polysemy -- 5.2.2 Entrenchment -- 5.2.3 Boundary effects -- 5.2.3.1 Antagonism: attentional autonomy -- 5.2.3.2 Relational autonomy -- 5.2.3.3 Compositional autonomy -- 5.2.4 The nature of full sense units -- 5.3 Sub-sense units with near-sense properties -- 5.3.1 Facets -- 5.3.1.1 Introduction -- 5.3.1.2 Autonomy in facets -- 5.3.1.3 Unifying facets -- 5.3.1.4 Why are facets not full senses? -- 5.3.1.5 The novel problem -- 5.3.1.6 Near neighbors of facets -- 5.3.2 Microsenses -- 5.3.2.1 Why microsenses are not contextual modulations -- 5.3.2.2 Why microsenses are not full senses or facets -- 5.3.2.3 Microsenses and facets compared -- 5.3.2.4 A Langackerian explanation for microsense behavior -- 5.3.2.5 A 'latency' approach -- 5.3.3 Ways-of-seeing -- 5.3.4 Semantic components and low-autonomy active zones -- 5.3.5 Contextual modulation -- 5.4 Autonomy: summary -- 6 A dynamic construal approach to sense relations I: hyponymy and meronymy -- 6.1 Hyponymy -- 6.1.1 Introductory -- 6.1.2 Hyponymy and context -- 6.1.3 Relations between lexical items -- 6.1.4 Taxonymy.

6.2 Lexical aspects of the part-whole relation -- 6.2.1 The part-whole relation -- 6.2.1.1 The portion-whole relation -- 6.2.1.2 Parts and pieces -- 6.2.1.3 Factors affecting the GOE of parts -- 6.2.1.4 Part-whole chains -- 6.2.1.5 Ultimate parts and ultimate wholes -- 6.2.1.6 Core parts -- 6.2.1.7 Variable construal and the transitivity of the part-whole relation -- 6.2.2 Meronymy -- 7 A dynamic construal approach to sense relations II: antonymy and complementarity -- 7.1 Oppositeness -- 7.1.1 Aspects of the construal of oppositeness -- 7.1.2 Main varieties of opposite -- 7.1.3 Goodness-of-exemplar in opposites -- 7.2 Complementarity -- 7.2.1 Gradable vs. non-gradable construal of properties -- 7.2.2 Profiling against domains -- 7.3 Antonymy -- 7.3.1 A survey of antonym types -- 7.3.1.1 Monoscalar and biscalar systems -- 7.3.1.2 Mapping of systems onto content domains -- 7.3.2 Monoscalar systems: polar antonyms -- 7.3.2.1 Subs, supras and the relative scale -- 7.3.2.2 The representation of subs and supras -- 7.3.2.3 The iconicity problem -- 7.3.2.4 Impartiality and committedness -- 7.3.2.5 The 'Exposure' Principle -- 7.3.3 Bi-scalar systems -- 7.3.3.1 Equipollent antonyms -- 7.3.3.2 Overlapping antonyms -- 7.4 Variable construal of antonyms and complementaries -- 7.4.1 Absolute vs. relative construal -- 7.4.2 Scale features -- 7.4.2.1 Direction of scale and number of scales -- 7.4.2.2 Effects of calibration -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 8 Metaphor -- 8.1 Figurative language -- 8.2 The conceptual theory of metaphor -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Issues in the conceptual theory of metaphor -- 8.3 Novel metaphor -- 8.3.1 The life history of a metaphor -- 8.3.2 How do we recognize metaphors? -- 8.3.3 Blending Theory and novel metaphors -- 8.3.4 Context sensitivity -- 8.3.5 Asymmetry of vehicle and target -- 8.4 Metaphor and simile -- 8.4.1 Two types of simile.

8.4.2 Theories of the relation between simile and metaphor -- 8.4.2.1 Metaphors are implicit similes -- 8.4.2.2 Similes are implicit metaphors -- 8.4.2.3 Similes and metaphors are distinct -- 8.4.3 Metaphor-simile combinations -- 8.5 Metaphor and metonymy -- 8.5.1 Characterizing metonymy -- 8.5.2 Metaphor-metonymy relations -- 8.5.3 Types of indeterminacy -- 8.6 Conclusion -- PART III Cognitive approaches to grammatical form -- 9 From idioms to construction grammar -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The problem of idioms -- 9.3 Idioms as constructions -- 9.4 From constructions to construction grammar -- 10 An overview of construction grammars -- 10.1 Essentials of construction grammar theories -- 10.1.1 Grammatical representation: the anatomy of a construction -- 10.1.2 The organization of constructional knowledge -- 10.2 Some current theories of construction grammar -- 10.2.1 Construction Grammar (Fillmore, Kay et al.) -- 10.2.2 Lakoff (1987) and Goldberg (1995) -- 10.2.3 Cognitive Grammar as a construction grammar -- 10.2.4 Radical Construction Grammar -- 10.3 Conclusion -- 11 The usage-based model -- 11.1 Grammatical representation and process -- 11.2 The usage-based model in morphology -- 11.2.1 Entrenchment and representation of word forms -- 11.2.2 Regularity, productivity and default status -- 11.2.3 Product-oriented schemas -- 11.2.4 Network organization of word forms -- 11.2.5 Conclusion -- 11.3 The usage-based model in syntax -- 11.3.1 Type/token frequency, productivity and entrenchment -- 11.3.2 Product-oriented syntactic schemas -- 11.3.3 Relevance and the organization of construction networks -- 11.3.4 The acquisition of syntax and syntactic change -- 11.4 Conclusion -- 12 Conclusion: cognitive linguistics and beyond -- References -- Author index -- Subject index.