FrontMatter -- Arthur M. Sackler, M.D.1913-1987 -- Contents -- Preface to the *In the Light of Evolution* Series -- Preface to *In the Light of Evolution, Volume IV: The Human Condition* -- PART I: HUMAN PHYLOGENETIC HISTORY AND THE PALEONTOLOGICAL RECORD -- 1 Reconstructing Human Evolution: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities--Bernard Wood -- 2 Terrestrial Apes and Phylogenetic Trees--Juan Luis Arsuaga -- 3 Phylogenomic Evidence of Adaptive Evolution in the Ancestry of Humans-Morris Goodman and Kirstin N. Sterner -- 4 Human Adaptations to Diet, Subsistence, and Ecoregion Are Due to Subtle Shifts in Allele Frequency--Angela M. Hancock, David B. Witonsky, Edvard Ehler, Gorka Alkorta-Aranburu, Cynthia Beall, Amha Gebremedhin, Rem Sukernik, Gerd Utermann, Jonathan Pritchard, Graham Coop, and Anna Di Rienzo -- 5 Working Toward a Synthesis of Archaeological, Linguistic, and Genetic Data for Inferring African Population History--Laura B. Scheinfeldt, Sameer Soi, and Sarah A. Tishkoff -- PART II: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN GENOME -- 6 Uniquely Human Evolution of Sialic Acid Genetics and Biology--Ajit Varki -- 7 Bioenergetics, the Origins of Complexity, and the Ascent of Man-Douglas C. Wallace -- 8 Genome-wide Patterns of Population Structure and Admixture Among Hispanic/Latino Populations--Katarzyna Bryc, Christopher Velez, Tatiana Karafet, Andres Moreno-Estrada, Andy Reynolds, Adam Auton, Michael Hammer, Carlos D. Bustamante, and Harry Ostrer -- 9 Human Skin Pigmentation as an Adaptation to UV Radiation--Nina G. Jablonski and George Chaplin -- 10 Footprints of Nonsentient Design Inside the Human Genome--John C. Avise -- PART III: CULTURAL EVOLUTION AND THE UNIQUENESS OF BEING HUMAN.

11 How Grandmother Effects Plus Individual Variation in Frailty Shape Fertility and Mortality: Guidance from Human-Chimpanzee Comparisons--Kristen Hawkes -- 12 Gene-Culture Coevolution in the Age of Genomics--Peter J. Richerson, Robert Boyd, and Joseph Henrich -- 13 The Cognitive Niche: Coevolution of Intelligence, Sociality, and Language--Steven Pinker -- 14 A Role for Relaxed Selection in the Evolution of the Language Capacity--Terrence W. Deacon -- 15 Adaptive Specializations, Social Exchange, and the Evolution of Human Intelligence--Leda Cosmides, H. Clark Barrett, and John Tooby -- 16 The Difference of Being Human: Morality--Francisco J. Ayala -- References -- Index.