Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I. The Inflammatory Response - an Overview -- 1 Acute and Chronic Inflammation -- Introduction -- The Acute Inflammatory Response -- Regulation of the Acute Inflammatory Response -- The Complement Cascade -- Intercommunications between Inflammatory Cascades and the Coagulation Cascade -- Outcomes of the Acute Inflammatory Response and Disordered Responses -- Functional Consequences of the Acute Inflammatory Response -- Granulomatosis Inflammation -- Chronic Inflammation -- Therapeutic Interventions in Inflammation -- Acknowledgments -- Suggested readings -- 2 Resolution of Acute Inflammation and Wound Healing -- Summary -- Inflammation in Health and Disease -- What is Inflammatory Resolution? -- Soluble Mediators of Inflammation and Resolution -- Controlling Onset -- Onset to Resolution -- Resolving Inflammation -- Getting Rid of Leukocytes -- Macrophages and Resolution - Cellular Players and Homeostasis -- Resolution of Adaptive Immune Responses -- Wound Healing -- Conclusion -- Glossary of Terms -- References -- Suggested Readings -- 3 Links between Innate and Adaptive Immunity -- The innate and adaptive immune systems: definitions, context, and contrasts -- Immune Recognition -- Immune Effectors -- Immune Counter-Regulation -- Relationship between Acute versus Chronic Inflammation and Innate versus Adaptive Immunity -- Regulation of Adaptive Immunity by the Innate Immune System -- Activation of Adaptive Immune responses: T Cells -- Activation of adaptive Immune responses: B Cells -- Immune Class Specification -- Counter-regulation of Adaptive Immune Responses -- Regulation of Innate Immunity by the Adaptive Immune System -- Regulation of Innate Immune Cell Function -- Counter-Regulation of Innate Immune Responses.

Tissue-Specific Immunity: Organ-Specific Regulation of Immune Responses -- Suggested Readings -- Part II. Individual Cell Types -- 4A Neutrophils I -- Introduction -- Neutrophil Homeostasis: Myelopoiesis and Destruction -- Neutrophil Anatomy: Morphology and Granules -- Neutrophil Physiology: Activation and Function -- Stimuli and Receptors -- Intracellular Signaling and Second Messengers -- Second Messengers -- Kinases and Kinase Cascades -- The Consequences of Neutrophil Activation: Adhesion, Migration, and Bacterial Killing -- Neutrophil Adhesion and Migration -- Phagocytosis and Bacterial Killing -- Neutrophil Propagation of Inflammation: Production of Inflammatory Mediators -- Arachidonic Acid Metabolites -- Cytokine Production -- References -- Suggested Readings -- 4B Neutrophils II -- Introduction -- Neutrophil Differentiation, Maturation, and Other Generalities -- Neutrophil Microbicidal Mechanisms -- Neutrophil Receptors -- The Role of Neutrophils in Acute Inflammation -- Neutrophil-Derived Cytokines -- Neutrophil Cross Talk With Other Cell Types: Role of Neutrophil-Derived Chemokines -- Neutrophil Apoptosis -- Neutrophils in Human Diseases -- Conclusions -- Suggested Readings -- 5 Mast Cells as Sentinels of Inflammation -- Introduction -- Characteristics of Mast Cells -- Mast Cell Growth and Development -- Role of the Kit Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Stem Cell Factor -- Accessory Mast Cell Growth Factors -- Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules -- Mast Cell Activating Receptors -- FcepsilonRI -- Fcgamma Receptors -- Pattern Recognition Receptors -- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors -- Effector Cytokine Receptors -- Inhibitory Receptors -- Immunoglobulin-like and Fc Receptors -- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors -- Mast Cell Pathobiology -- Anaphylaxis -- Asthma -- Mastocytosis -- Other Allergic Conditions -- Atherosclerosis.

Roles Implicated by Animal Models -- Suggested Readings -- 6 Basophils -- Introduction -- Identification -- Historical Discovery -- Development -- Phenotypic Characteristics -- Appearance -- Light Microscopy Image -- Electron Microscopy Image -- Cell Surface Markers -- Products of Basophils -- Histamine -- Lipid Mediators -- Cytokines and Chemokines -- Others -- Isolation Techniques -- Positive Selection -- Negative Selection -- Stimuli For Secretion -- FcepsilonRI and ITAM-Linked Receptors -- GPCR -- Formyl Peptide Receptors -- C5a -- Chemokines -- CRTH2 -- Histamine and Leukotriene Receptors -- Cytokines -- Toll-Like Receptors -- Histamine Releasing Factors -- Inhibitory Receptors -- Functional Implications of Basophil Activation -- Tissue Effects of Mediator Release -- Recruitment and Modulation of Other Immune Cells -- Evidence For Roles in Diseases -- Asthma and Rhinitis -- Immunologic Skin Disease -- Anaphylaxis -- Parasitic Infections -- Other Human Diseases -- Guinea Pig and Mouse Models of Disease -- Pharmacological Regulation of Basophil Responses -- Steroids -- LT Receptor Antagonist -- Anti-IgE -- Diagnostic Tests Using Basophils -- Conclusions -- Suggested Readings -- 7 Eosinophils -- Introduction -- Eosinophil Morphology -- Eosinophil Mediators -- Granule Proteins -- Cytokines -- Lipid Mediators -- Eosinophil Development -- Life Cycle -- Eosinophil Migration -- Activation of Eosinophil Degranulation and Mediator Release -- Signal Transduction -- Summary -- Key Points -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Suggested Readings -- 8 Macrophages -- Introduction -- Identification -- Historical Discovery -- Hematopoietic Lineage -- Phenotypic Characteristics -- Cell Surface Markers, Isolation of Macrophages -- Cell Surface Receptors -- Pathogen Recognition Receptors -- Heterogeneity -- Bone Marrow Macrophages -- Alveolar Macrophages.

Splenic Macrophages -- Kupffer Cells -- Microglial Cells -- Langerhans Cells -- Mesangial Cells -- Other -- Macrophage Activating Stimuli -- Fc and Complement -- Cytokines -- Chemokines -- Lipoproteins -- Integrins -- Oligosaccharides -- Others -- Macrophage Secretory Products -- Enzymes -- Cytokines -- Complement Components -- Coagulation Factors -- Reactive Oxygen Intermediates -- Arachidonic Acid Intermediates -- Functional Responses of Macrophages -- Phagocytosis of Cell Debris and Invading Organisms -- Chemotaxis -- Antigen Processing and Presentation -- Secretion -- Tumor Cell Control -- Implications of Macrophage Dysregulation -- Evidence For Roles in Diseases -- Arthritis -- Atherosclerosis -- Ibd -- Lung Fibrosis -- Tumor Biology -- Infection -- Pharmacological Regulation of Macrophage Responses -- Steroids -- Anti-TNF Therapy -- Conclusions -- Suggested readings -- 9 Lymphocytes -- Antigen-Presenting Cells -- T CELLS -- T-Cell Development -- T-Cell Receptor Signaling -- The Requirement for Co-Receptors -- Costimulatory Signaling -- Late Costimulation -- Further Differentiation of T Cells -- Effector Function of T Helper Cell Subsets -- Intraepithelial T Cells -- Effector Function of Cytotoxic (Killer) T Lymphocytes -- B CELLS -- B-Cell Development -- B-Cell Receptor Signaling -- The Requirement for Co-receptors -- B-Cell Effector Function -- Natural Killer Cells -- NK Cell Function -- Suggested Readings -- Antigen presentation -- T-cell development -- T-cell receptor signaling -- Costimulatory signaling and late costimulators -- Effector function of T helper cell subsets -- Intraepithelial T cells -- Effector function of cytotoxic (killer) T lymphocytes -- B-cell development -- B-cell receptor signaling -- The requirement for co-receptors -- B-cell effector function -- NK cell function -- References for protein structures.

10 Fibroblasts and Stromal Cells -- What is a Stromal Cell? -- Stromal Cell Identity and Microenvironments -- Stromal Cells and Inflammation -- Stromal Cells: In vitro and In vivo -- Embryological Origins of Fibroblasts -- Sources of Tissue Fibroblasts -- Fibroblasts versus Mesenchymal Precursor Cells -- Stromal Cells in Immune Responses -- Stromal Cells as Innate Immune Sentinels -- Signal Transduction Processes -- Stromal Cell-Leukocyte Interactions and Persistent Inflammation -- Recruitment of Inflammatory Infiltrates into the Joint -- Stromal Support for Leukocyte Survival -- Stromal Cell Retention of Leukocytes in Persistent Inflammatory Disorders -- Constitutive Chemokines and Lymphoid Neogenesis -- Multiple Cell-Cell Interactions Involving Fibroblasts -- Summary -- Key Points -- What Is a Stromal Cell? -- Embryological Origins of Fibroblasts -- Stromal Cells in Immune Responses -- Stromal Cell-Leukocyte Interactions and Persistent Inflammation -- Multiple Cell-Cell Interactions Involving Fibroblasts -- Suggested Readings -- 11 Neutrophil-Endothelial Cell Interactions -- Introduction -- Molecular Mechanisms of Pmn Adhesion and Transmigration -- Balance of Pro- and Antiadhesive Forces -- Pmn Influences on Vascular Endothelial Permeability -- Outside-In Signaling Events in Pmn-Endothelial Cell Interactions -- Influence of the Inflammatory Milieu on Pmn-Endothelial Cell Interactions -- Pmn-Endothelial Interaction As a Therapeutic Target -- Conclusions -- References -- Suggested Readings -- PART III. Chemical Mediators -- 12 Lipid Mediators in Acute Inflammation and Resolution: Eicosanoids, PAF, Resolvins, and Protectins -- Introduction -- Biosynthesis of Eicosanoids -- Cyclooxygenases: biosynthesis of Prostanoids -- Prostanoids: the Prostaglandins -- Thromboxane and Prostacyclin -- Lipoxygenase Pathways -- Leukotriene Biosynthesis.

Lipoxin Biosynthesis.