Front Cover -- Fluid Mechanics -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- About the Author -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Preface to Third Edition -- Preface to Second Edition -- Preface to First Edition -- Author's Notes -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1. Fluid Mechanics -- 2. Units of Measurement -- 3. Solids, Liquids, and Gases -- 4. Continuum Hypothesis -- 5. Transport Phenomena -- 6. Surface Tension -- 7. Fluid Statics -- 8. Classical Thermodynamics -- 9. Perfect Gas -- 10. Static Equilibrium of a Compressible Medium -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 2. Cartesian Tensors -- 1. Scalars and Vectors -- 2. Rotation of Axes: Formal Definition of a Vector -- 3. Multiplication of Matrices -- 4. Second-Order Tensor -- 5. Contraction and Multiplication -- 6. Force on a Surface -- 7. Kronecker Delta and Alternating Tensor -- 8. Dot Product -- 9. Cross Product -- 10. Operator ∇: Gradient, Divergence, and Curl -- 11. Symmetric and Antisymmetric Tensors -- 12. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Symmetric Tensor -- 13. Gauss' Theorem -- 14. Stokes' Theorem -- 15. Comma Notation -- 16. Boldface vs Indicial Notation -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 3. Kinematics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lagrangian and Eulerian Specifications -- 3. Eulerian and Lagrangian Descriptions: The Particle Derivative -- 4. Streamline, Path Line, and Streak Line -- 5. Reference Frame and Streamline Pattern -- 6. Linear Strain Rate -- 7. Shear Strain Rate -- 8. Vorticity and Circulation -- 9. Relative Motion near a Point: Principal Axes -- 10. Kinematic Considerations of Parallel Shear Flows -- 11. Kinematic Considerations of Vortex Flows -- 12. One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Flows -- 13. The Streamfunction -- 14. Polar Coordinates -- Exercises -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 4. Conservation Laws -- 1. Introduction.

2. Time Derivatives of Volume Integrals -- 3. Conservation of Mass -- 4. Streamfunctions: Revisited and Generalized -- 5. Origin of Forces in Fluid -- 6. Stress at a Point -- 7. Conservation of Momentum -- 8. Momentum Principle for a Fixed Volume -- 9. Angular Momentum Principle for a Fixed Volume -- 10. Constitutive Equation for Newtonian Fluid -- 11. Navier-Stokes Equation -- 12. Rotating Frame -- 13. Mechanical Energy Equation -- 14. First Law of Thermodynamics: Thermal Energy Equation -- 15. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy Production -- 16. Bernoulli Equation -- 17. Applications of Bernoulli's Equation -- 18. Boussinesq Approximation -- 19. Boundary Conditions -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 5. Vorticity Dynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Vortex Lines and Vortex Tubes -- 3. Role of Viscosity in Rotational and Irrotational Vortices -- 4. Kelvin's Circulation Theorem -- 5. Vorticity Equation in a Nonrotating Frame -- 6. Velocity Induced by a Vortex Filament: Law of Biot and Savart -- 7. Vorticity Equation in a Rotating Frame -- 8. Interaction of Vortices -- 9. Vortex Sheet -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 6. Irrotational Flow -- 1. Relevance of Irrotational Flow Theory -- 2. Velocity Potential: Laplace Equation -- 3. Application of Complex Variables -- 4. Flow at a Wall Angle -- 5. Sources and Sinks -- 6. Irrotational Vortex -- 7. Doublet -- 8. Flow past a Half-Body -- 9. Flow past a Circular Cylinder without Circulation -- 10. Flow past a Circular Cylinder with Circulation -- 11. Forces on a Two-Dimensional Body -- 12. Source near a Wall: Method of Images -- 13. Conformal Mapping -- 14. Flow around an Elliptic Cylinder with Circulation -- 15. Uniqueness of Irrotational Flows -- 16. Numerical Solution of Plane Irrotational Flow -- 17. Axisymmetric Irrotational Flow.

18. Streamfunction and Velocity Potential for Axisymmetric Flow -- 19. Simple Examples of Axisymmetric Flows -- 20. Flow around a Streamlined Body of Revolution -- 21. Flow around an Arbitrary Body of Revolution -- 22. Concluding Remarks -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 7. Gravity Waves -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Wave Equation -- 3. Wave Parameters -- 4. Surface Gravity Waves -- 5. Some Features of Surface Gravity Waves -- 6. Approximations for Deep and Shallow Water -- 7. Influence of Surface Tension -- 8. Standing Waves -- 9. Group Velocity and Energy Flux -- 10. Group Velocity and Wave Dispersion -- 11. Nonlinear Steepening in a Nondispersive Medium -- 12. Hydraulic Jump -- 13. Finite Amplitude Waves of Unchanging Form in a Dispersive Medium -- 14. Stokes' Drift -- 15. Waves at a Density Interface between Infinitely Deep Fluids -- 16. Waves in a Finite Layer Overlying an Infinitely Deep Fluid -- 17. Shallow Layer Overlying an Infinitely Deep Fluid -- 18. Equations of Motion for a Continuously Stratified Fluid -- 19. Internal Waves in a Continuously Stratified Fluid -- 20. Dispersion of Internal Waves in a Stratified Fluid -- 21. Energy Considerations of Internal Waves in a Stratified Fluid -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 8. Dynamic Similarity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nondimensional Parameters Determined from Differential Equations -- 3. Dimensional Matrix -- 4. Buckingham's Pi Theorem -- 5. Nondimensional Parameters and Dynamic Similarity -- 6. Comments on Model Testing -- 7. Significance of Common Nondimensional Parameters -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 9. Laminar Flow -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analogy between Heat and Vorticity Diffusion -- 3. Pressure Change Due to Dynamic Effects -- 4. Steady Flow between Parallel Plates -- 5. Steady Flow in a Pipe.

6. Steady Flow between Concentric Cylinders -- 7. Impulsively Started Plate: Similarity Solutions -- 8. Diffusion of a Vortex Sheet -- 9. Decay of a Line Vortex -- 10. Flow Due to an Oscillating Plate -- 11. High and Low Reynolds Number Flows -- 12. Creeping Flow around a Sphere -- 13. Nonuniformity of Stokes' Solution and Oseen's Improvement -- 14. Hele-Shaw Flow -- 15. Final Remarks -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 10. Boundary Layers and Related Topics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Boundary Layer Approximation -- 3. Different Measures of Boundary Layer Thickness -- 4. Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate with a Sink at the Leading Edge: Closed Form Solution -- 5. Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate: Blasius Solution -- 6. von Karman Momentum Integral -- 7. Effect of Pressure Gradient -- 8. Separation -- 9. Description of Flow past a Circular Cylinder -- 10. Description of Flow past a Sphere -- 11. Dynamics of Sports Balls -- 12. Two-Dimensional Jets -- 13. Secondary Flows -- 14. Perturbation Techniques -- 15. An Example of a Regular Perturbation Problem -- 16. An Example of a Singular Perturbation Problem -- 17. Decay of a Laminar Shear Layer -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 11. Computational Fluid Dynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Finite Difference Method -- 3. Finite Element Method -- 4. Incompressible Viscous Fluid Flow -- 5. Three Examples -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 12. Instability -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method of Normal Modes -- 3. Thermal Instability: The Bénard Problem -- 4. Double-Diffusive Instability -- 5. Centrifugal Instability: Taylor Problem -- 6. Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability -- 7. Instability of Continuously Stratified Parallel Flows -- 8. Squire's Theorem and Orr-Sommerfeld Equation -- 9. Inviscid Stability of Parallel Flows.

10. Some Results of Parallel Viscous Flows -- 11. Experimental Verification of Boundary Layer Instability -- 12. Comments on Nonlinear Effects -- 13. Transition -- 14. Deterministic Chaos -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 13. Turbulence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Notes -- 3. Averages -- 4. Correlations and Spectra -- 5. Averaged Equations of Motion -- 6. Kinetic Energy Budget of Mean Flow -- 7. Kinetic Energy Budget of Turbulent Flow -- 8. Turbulence Production and Cascade -- 9. Spectrum of Turbulence in Inertial Subrange -- 10. Wall-Free Shear Flow -- 11. Wall-Bounded Shear Flow -- 12. Eddy Viscosity and Mixing Length -- 13. Coherent Structures in a Wall Layer -- 14. Turbulence in a Stratified Medium -- 15. Taylor's Theory of Turbulent Dispersion -- 16. Concluding Remarks -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Supplemental Reading -- Chapter 14. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Vertical Variation of Density in Atmosphere and Ocean -- 3. Equations of Motion -- 4. Approximate Equations for a Thin Layer on a Rotating Sphere -- 5. Geostrophic Flow -- 6. Ekman Layer at a Free Surface -- 7. Ekman Layer on a Rigid Surface -- 8. Shallow-Water Equations -- 9. Normal Modes in a Continuously Stratified Layer -- 10. High- and Low-Frequency Regimes in Shallow-Water Equations -- 11. Gravity Waves with Rotation -- 12. Kelvin Wave -- 13. Potential Vorticity Conservation in Shallow-Water Theory -- 14. Internal Waves -- 15. Rossby Wave -- 16. Barotropic Instability -- 17. Baroclinic Instability -- 18. Geostrophic Turbulence -- Exercises -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 15. Aerodynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Aircraft and Its Controls -- 3. Airfoil Geometry -- 4. Forces on an Airfoil -- 5. Kutta Condition -- 6. Generation of Circulation -- 7. Conformal Transformation for Generating Airfoil Shape -- 8. Lift of Zhukhovsky Airfoil.

9. Wing of Finite Span.