AGRICULTURAL WASTES -- AGRICULTURAL WASTES -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 POTENTIAL RISK AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF WASTE DERIVED FROM ANIMAL AGRICULTURE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Definition of Agricultural Waste -- POTENTIAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH AGRICULTURAL WASTE -- Natural Steroid Hormones -- Steroid Hormones Associated with Animal Waste in New Zealand -- Bacterial Pathogens from Animal Waste -- AGRICULTURAL WASTE UTILIZATION -- Production of Bioethanol -- Energy Production from Agricultural Waste -- Biogas Production -- Production of Biochar -- Benefits from Biochar -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 ANIMAL WASTE AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES: CURRENT LAWS AND LEGISLATIVE ISSUES* -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CERCLA AND EPCRA -- ENFORCEMENT AGAINST AFOS -- CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST -- POLICY ISSUES -- CONCLUSION -- ENDNOTES -- Chapter 3 REPROCESSING AND PROTEIN ENRICHMENT OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES BY THERMOPHILIC AEROBIC DIGESTION (TAD) -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW OF CONVENTIONAL WASTE DISPOSAL PROCESSES -- Incineration, Overland Disposal and Sea Disposal -- Landfilling -- Biochemical and Microbiological Changes in Landfill -- OVERVIEW OF CONVENTIONAL WASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES -- Composting -- Development of Compost -- Microbiology of Compost -- Environmental Requirements for Composting -- ANAEROBIC DIGESTION (AD) -- Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion -- Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion -- Overview of Silage Making (Ensiling) -- THERMOPHILIC AEROBIC DIGESTION -- Aeration of TAD Processes -- Operational Temperatures Employed in TAD -- Effect of Waste Load on Process Heating -- Effect of Substrate Load on Process Development -- Microbiology of Aerobic Thermophilic Digestion -- Physiological Features of Thermophiles Important in TAD.

Growth Rate, Yield and Maintenance of Thermophiles -- Effect of Temperature on Growth Yield and Maintenance -- DETERMINANTS OF MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM GROWTH TEMPERATURE -- TURNOVER OF MACROMOLECULES IN THERMOPHILES -- Development, Adaptation and Stability: Thermophiles in TAD -- Development of Hydrolytic Enzymes During TAD -- Efficiency and Performance of TAD -- Monitoring and Control of Aerobic Thermophilic Digestion -- Some Applications of Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion -- Application of Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion in Waste Pasteurisation -- Detoxification of Xenobiotics in TAD -- Protein Enrichment and Reprocessing of Waste by TAD -- Concluding Remarks and Safety Consideration -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 FLY ASH USE IN AGRICULTURE: A PERSPECTIVE -- INTRODUCTION -- BENEFITS -- I. Modification of Soil Texture -- II. Modification of Bulk Density -- III. Water-Holding Capacity of Soil -- IV. Soil pH -- V. Effect on Soil Crust -- VI. Effect on Growth and Yield of Crops -- VII. Effect on Crop Growth and Yield -- VIII. Effect on Soil Health -- IX Effect on Quality of Yield and Uptake of Nutrients and Toxic Elements -- X. Effect on Ground Water -- XI. Other Effects -- USE OF FLY ASH AS A MINE SOIL AMENDMENT -- USE OF FLY ASH IN ACIDIC SPOIL AND COAL REFUSE REVEGETATION -- STUDIES ON POSSIBLE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FLY ASH APPLICATION -- I. Ground Water -- II. Uptake of Heavy Metals and Toxic Elements by Plants -- III. Radionuclides -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 PESTICIDES: USE, IMPACT AND REGULATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Impact of Pesticides on Humans -- Impact of Pesticides on Plants -- CHALLENGES AND MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES AS AGRICULTURAL WASTE -- Prevention of Accumulation of Obsolete Pesticide Stocks -- REGULATIONS FOR PESTICIDE USE -- EFFORTS AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 6 CARBONIZATION OF RICE HUSK TO REMOVE OFFENSIVE ODOR FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE AND COMPOST -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Material and Carbonization -- 2.2. Material Characterizations -- 2.3. Ammonia Gas Adsorption in Enclosed Bag -- 2.4. Removal of Ammonia Gas from Fermenting Compost -- 2.5. Giving Carbonized RH to Growing Pigs to Reduce Offensive Odor from Dung -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Material Properties of Carbonized RH -- 3.2. Ammonia Gas Adsorption Performance of Carbonized RH in Enclosed Bag and Comparison with Commercial Deodorants and Carbonized Wood Wastes -- 3. 3. Mechanisms of Ammonia Adsorption on Carbonized RH -- 3.4. Removal of Ammonia Gas from Fermenting Compost by Carbonized RH -- 3.5. Reducing Offensive Odor from Pig Dung by Carbonized RH -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 BIO (SINGLE CELL) PROTEIN: ISSUES OF PRODUCTION, TOXINS AND COMMERCIALISATION STATUS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MICROORGANISMS: AN ASSEST IN SCP PRODUCTION -- 2.1. Yeast -- 2.2. Algae -- 2.3. Bacteria -- 2.4. Fungi -- 3. SOURCES FOR SCP PRODUCTION AND CULTIVATION METHODS -- 4. TOXINS OF MICROFLORA AND THEIR REMOVAL -- 4.1. Toxins Produced by Bacteria and their Removal -- 4.2. Toxins Produced by Fungi (Mycotoxins) and Their Removal -- 5. NUCLEIC ACIDS AND ITS REMOVAL -- 6. NEW DEVELOPMENTS FOR IMPROVEMENT IN SCP PRODUCTION -- 6.1. Application of New Substrates in Solid State Fermentation (SSF) for SCP Production and Commercialization of SCP -- 8. APPLICATIONS OF SCP -- 8.1. As Feed -- 8.2. SCP for Human Consumption -- 9. RISK ASSESSMENT OF SCP IN FOOD AND FEED -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 COFFEE PROCESSING SOLID WASTES: CURRENT USES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Coffee Processing -- II. COFFEE HUSKS AND PULP -- 2.1. Livestock Feed.

1.2.1.Detoxification Studies -- 2.2. Silage -- 2.2.1. Composting -- 2.3. Fuel -- 2.4. Fermentation Studies -- 2.4.1. Ethanol Production -- 2.5. Production of Biogas -- 2.6. Production of Mushrooms -- 2.7. Adsorption Studies -- 2.8. Other Applications -- 3. DEFECTIVE COFFEE BEANS -- 3.1. Fuel -- 3.2. Adsorption Studies -- 4. SPENT COFFEE GROUNDS -- 4.1. Fuel -- 4.2. Adsorption Studies -- 4.3. Other Applications -- 5. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 VERMI-CONVERSION OF INDUSTRIAL SLUDGE IN CONJUNCTION WITH AGRICULTURAL FARM WASTES: A VIABLE OPTION TO MINIMIZE LANDFILL DISPOSAL? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- AGRICULTURAL FARM WASTES: OVERVIEW -- VERMICOMPOSTING AS A TECHNOLOGY -- VERMICOMPOSTING OF INDUSTRIAL SLUDGE -- CASE STUDIES FROM INDIA AND ELSEWHERE -- BOTTLENECKS OF IMPLEMENTING SLUDGE VERMICOMPOSTING AT THE INDUSTRIAL LEVEL -- ATTRIBUTES OF AN IDEAL SLUDGE FOR VERMICOMPOSTING -- BASIC MANAGEMENT ISSUES AT A VERMICOMPOSTING FACILITY -- VERMICOMPOSTING AS AN INCENTIVE FOR INDUSTRIES -- ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND BENEFITS OF SLUDGE VERMICOMPOSTING -- Water Quality Issues -- Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- Below-Ground Biodiversity -- Improvement of Soil Health -- ECONOMICS OF SLUDGE MANAGEMENT VIS-A-VIS VERMICOMPOSTING -- Project Cost of an Industrial Vermicomposting Facility in India -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 AGRICULTURAL WASTES AS BUILDING MATERIALS: PROPERTIES, PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS∗ -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- VEGETABLE FIBERS AS NON-CONVENTIONAL BUILDING MATERIAL -- PHOSPHOGYPSUM AS NON-CONVENTIONAL BUILDING MATERIAL -- VEGETABLE FIBERS: COMPONENTS AND PERFORMANCE -- FLAT SHEETS FOR WALL PANELS -- Matrix Modification By Less Alkali Blends -- Effects of Fiber Content -- Reducing Mineralization of the Fibers By Their Chemical Modification -- Improving Fiber to Cement Bonding.

Effect of Decreasing the Distance Between Fibers -- ROOFING TILES -- Improving Tiles Performance By Accelerated Carbonation -- Thermal Properties of Produced Tiles -- PHOSPHOGYPSUM: RADIOLOGICAL CONCERNS AND PERFORMANCE -- MODELING AND SIMULATION OF RADON-222 EXHALATION -- Modeling 222Rn Exhalation from Phosphogypsum Materials: Primitive Variables -- Modeling 222rn Exhalation from Phosphogypsum Materials: Dimensionless Variables -- PHOSPHOGYPSUM PROPERTIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 FROM SOLID BIOWASTES TO LIQUID BIOFUELS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WASTE BIOMASS -- 3. LIQUID BIOFUELS -- 3.1. Biodiesel from Agri-Food Residues -- 3.2. Bioalcohols from Agri-Food Residues -- 3.2.1. Bioethanol -- 3.2.2. Biobutanol -- 3.2.3. Biomethanol -- 3.3. Dimethyl Ether -- 3.4. Bio-Oil -- 3.5. Other Liquid Biofuels -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.