Theory of Language -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of Contents -- Preface: Traces of Bühler's Semiotic Legacy in Modern Linguistics -- 1. What is at stake? -- 2. Deixis differential: weak and strong -- 2.1. The function of deixis -- 2.2. Topic in adult competence and in early acquisition -- 2.3. Interim conclusion -- 3. Bühler's Organon model (Bühler 1934, English version 1990) -- 4. The linguistic model devised by Tokieda (1950) -- 5. Deictic and anaphoric perspectives of linguistic description -- 6. I-mode and D-mode -- 7. Referencing mode and the typological criterion -- 7.1. Reference to person -- 7.2. Language typologies in terms of do vs. become -- 7.3. The Japanese evaluating sentence, han-bun dan, and Bühler's origo concept -- 8. Pronouns and reflexives -- 8.1. Reflexives in Japanese: their non-anaphoric status -- 8.2. 'Personal pronouns' in Japanese: pronominal reference vs. full nominalreference -- 9. Indexicals -- 9.1. Indexicals and deictics -- 9.2. Pure indexicals and true demonstratives -- 9.3. Multiple indexing -- 10. Comparison -- 11. Conclusion -- References -- Editor's Introduction - Karl Bühler: Sematologist -- I. -- II. -- III. -- References -- 2. Manuscripts in Bühler's Literary Estate. -- 3. Archive materials and documents related to administrative processes. -- Notes -- Translator's Preface -- KARL BUHLER: THEORY OF LANGUAGE THE REPRESENTATIONAL FUNCTION OF LANGUAGE -- Preface -- Introduction: Theory of Language Yesterday and Today -- 0. Historical works -- 1. Paul's "Principles of the History of Language" - dependency on Descartes - natural sciences and history -- 2. Saussure's "Course" - substance-oriented thought in the nineteenth century -- 3. Husserl's programme in the "Logical Investigations" -- PART I. The Principles of Language Research -- 1. Idea and Plan of the Axiomatics.

1.0 Observations and the ideas guiding research -- 1.1 Exact recordings - three manners of understanding -- 1.2 Initial object of linguistic research - the conceptual world of the linguistic researcher -- 1.3 Axioms of language research -- 1.4 The four principles -- 2. The Model of Language as Organon (A) -- 2.0 Manners of appearance of the concrete speech event -- 2.1 Inadequacy of the causal view of substance-oriented thought -- 2.2 The new model: the three semantic functions of language -- 2.3 Expression and appeal as independent variables in addition to representation - the three books on language -- 3. The Significative Nature of Language (B) -- 3.0 The constructive model of language -- 3.1 The etyma of the words for sign -- 3.2 Direct analysis of the concept of sign - comparative psychology - a general formula -- 3.3 "Aliquid stat pro aliquo": two determinations -- 3.4 The principle of abstractive relevance, illustrated by phonology -- 3.5 The problem of abstraction -- 3.6 Two forms of material fallacy -- 4. Speech Action and Language Work -- Speech Act and Language Structure (C) -- 4.0 Inadequacy of previous dichotomies: the four-celled pattern -- 4.1 Speech action and language work - empractical speech - la parole -- 4.2 The work of art in language - the theory of speech action -- 4.3 The structures in language - criticism - structural survey in linguistics - the higher level of formalization - comparisons outside the linguistic realm - intersubjectivity -- 4.4 Theory of speech acts - Steinthal and Husserl - appreciation of Husserl's theory of acts - the social factor in language -- 5. Word and Sentence. The S-F-System of the Type Language (D) -- 5.0 The features of the concept of language -- 5.1 Analysis of a one-class system of communicative signals -- 5.2 The two-class system language - the dogma of lexicon and syntax.

5.3 The productivity of field systems -- 5.4 Logic and linguistics -- PART II. The Deictic Field of Language and Deictic Words -- Introduction -- The signpost and the speech action -- The deictic field - modes of deixis -- Wegener and Brugmann as predecessors -- Speech about perceptual things -- Psychological analysis -- 6. The Psychological Foundations of the Modes of Positional Deixis in Indo-European -- 6.0 Brugmann's modes of deixis and the general problem -- 6.1 The myth of the deictic origin of language -- 6.2 *to-deixis and ille-deixis -- 6.3 The second and the third deictic mode -- 6.4 Natural deictic clues -- 6.5 Quality of origin and acoustic characterization of the voice -- 6.6 Directions in thou-deixis and istic-deixis -- 6.7 Yonder-deixis -- 6.8 A general question -- 7. The Origin of the Deictic Field and its Mark -- 7.0 The here-now-I system of subjective orientation -- 7.1 The meaning of the deictic words from a logical perspective -- 7.2 The words for 'here' and 'I' as cognates -- 7.3 The indispensability of deictic clues -- 7.4 The role of 'I' and 'thou' -- 7.5 The usual classification of the pronouns - criticism -- 7.6 The necessity of demonstration -- 8. Imagination-Oriented Deixis and the Anaphoric Use of Deictic Words -- 8.0 The second and third modes of deixis -- 8.1 Ocular demonstration and imagination-oriented deixis as a psychological problem -- 8.2 Subjective orientation when awake and its components -- 8.3 Spatial orientation and deictic speech -- 8.4 Movement of the origo in the tactile bodily image -- 8.5 Temporal orientation -- 8.6 The three types of imagination-oriented deixis -- 8.7 Psychological reduction -- 8.8 Displacements - dramatic and epic procedure -- 9. Egocentric and Topomnestic Deixis in Various Languages -- 9.0 The deictic field -- 9.1 The inclusive and exclusive 'we'.

9.2 Coalescence of deictic particles with prepositions -- 9.3 Egocentric and topomnestic deixis - the class of 'prodemonstratives' - examples from Japanese and Amerindian languages -- PART III. The Symbolic Field of Language and the Naming Words -- The programme -- 10. The Sympractical, the Symphysical and the Synsemantic Field of Language Signs -- 10.0 The concept of surrounding field -- 10.1 Empractical speech -- 10.2 Materially attached names -- 10.3 An analogy with heraldry -- 10.4 Synsemantics of pictorial values in the painting -- 10.5 The question of the ellipsis -- 11. Context and Field Factors in Detail -- 11.0 Syntax from without from Miklosich to Wackernagel -- 11.1 Material clues and word classes -- 11.2 Hermann Paul's list of context factors - reorganization in three classes - the completeness of these classes -- 11.3 Plea for syntax from without -- 12. Symbolic Fields in Non-Linguistic Representative Implements -- 12.0 The comparative survey -- 12.1 Lexical signs and representational fields illustrated by two non-linguistic representational implements -- 12.2 The painter's pictorial field, the actor's representational field, and a remark on field values -- 12.3 The concept of the symbol - proposed definition -- 12.4 The relationship between picture and symbol, fidelity to the appearance and relational fidelity -- 12.5 The specificity of linguistic representation - analogy to the intermediary in the linguistic representational implement - the inner form of language -- 13. Onomatopoetic Language -- 13.0 There is no pictorial field in language -- 13.1 The devotees of sound symbolism -- 13.2 The pictorial potentials of the acoustic material -- 13.3 Limits of depiction in the structural law of language -- 13.4 An example from Werner's experiments -- 13.5 Two groups of onomatopoetic words -- 13.6 Older views of the import of sound symbolism.

13.7 Wilhelm Oehl's studies - factors counting against this -- 14. The Conceptual Signs of Language -- 14.0 Prescientific and scientific concepts -- 14.1 The etymon - magical thought and naming - a result of psychology of thought: the spheres of meaning -- 14.2 Synchytic concepts -- 14.3 Incompatibility of radical nominalism with the core fact of phonology -- 14.4 J. St. Mill about species names and proper names -- 14.5 Husserl's doctrine of acts -- 14.6 The interest of language research in the objectivist analysis - Husserl's monadic construction - connotation and etymon -- 14.7 The living and governing etymon - concluding remarks on proper names -- 15. The Indo-European Case System as an Example of a Field Implement -- 15.0 Localist or logical, cases of inner determination, cases of outer determination -- 15.1 Mixed systems in Indo-European - Wundt on the declension of neuter nouns - an overly broad concept of case -- 15.2 Comparative review of the case systems of various language - what are outer and inner determination? -- 15.3 Criticism of Wundt's theory - connotations of the verb -- 15.4 Objective and subjective cases, the example of the lion's death -- 15.5 The category of action and an inner form of language -- 16. A Critical Review -- 16.0 The idea of the symbolic field -- 16.1 The discovery of syntactic schemata -- 16.2 Objective verification of observations by means of experiential psychology -- 16.3 Concluding remarks -- PART IV. The Make-up of Human Speech: Elements and Compositions -- Introduction -- Leibniz and Aristotle on synthesis and synthemata - summative wholes and Gestalten -- The constructive series: phoneme, word, sentence and compound sentence -- 17. The Materially Determined Formation of the Acoustic Stream of Speech -- 17.0 The law of articulation -- 17.1 Materially determined and grammatical formation.

17.2 The acoustic theory of the syllable.