The Acquisition of Syntax in Romance Languages -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Contributors -- The acquisition of syntax in Romance languages -- Introduction -- I. Clitics, determiners and pronouns -- The production of SE and SELF anaphors in Spanish and Dutch children -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reflexivity in and outside narrow syntax -- 3. Experiments -- 3.1. Method -- 3.2. Participants -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Dutch results -- 4.2. Spanish results -- 5. Discussion -- 5.1. Reflexivity and the production of se, zich and zichzelf -- 5.2. Spanish children's production of strong reflexives -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- On the acquisition of ambiguous Valency-Marking Morphemes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hypotheses on the acquisition of argument structure -- 3. French SE-cliticization and argument structure alternations -- 4. Method -- 4.1. Speech production corpora -- 4.2. Experimental task -- 5. Results -- 5.1. Order of acquisition of SE-constructions -- 5.2. Manifestations of overgeneralizations of ASA -- 5.3. Order of acquisition of SE and be-passive -- 6. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Definite and bare noun contrasts in child Catalan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The syntax and semantics of bare nouns -- 2.1. Bare objects -- 2.2. Genericity across languages: the status of bare nouns -- 2.3. Bare nouns in Catalan -- 3. Assumptions on acquisition -- 3.1. The emergence of DP in child grammar -- 4. An experiment on the contrast between bare nouns and definite DPs -- 4.1. Methods -- 4.2. Participants -- 4.3. Results -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Null arguments in monolingual children -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous studies comparing the acquisition of object clitics in French and Italian -- 3. The cross-sectional study -- 3.1. The test -- 3.2. Participants.

3.3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Prenominal elements in French-Germanic bilingual first language acquisition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Possibility of cross-linguistic interference -- 2.1. Adult system -- 2.2. Hulk and Müller (2000): Conditions for cross-linguistic influence -- 3. Methodology -- 4. The acquisition of the determiner in adjective-noun combinations -- 4.1. Monolingual acquisition -- 4.2. Bilingual acquisition -- 4.3. Discussion -- 5. The acquisition of the attributive adjective -- 5.1. Monolingual acquisition -- 5.2. Bilingual acquisition -- 5.3. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Prenominal and postnominal adjectives in Daniel -- II. Verbs, auxiliaries and inflection -- A cross-sectional study on the use of ``be'' in early Italian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 2.1. Subjects and linguistic corpora -- 2.2. Group composition -- 2.3. Criteria of analysis -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Patterns of copula omission in Italian child language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Truncation hypothesis -- 3. The data -- 3.1. Copula omission -- 3.2. The Wh-constraint -- 3.3. Auxiliary data -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Omission as evidence for truncation -- 4.2. Truncation & full competence -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Looking for the universal core of the RI stage -- 1. Introduction -- 2. RIs -- 3. The Imperative Analogue Hypothesis -- 3.1. Italian and German -- 3.2. Dutch and Icelandic -- 3.3. Spanish and Catalan -- 3.4. Hungarian and Slovenian -- 4. Is the RI analogue really an imperative form? -- 4.1. The 3D Hypothesis -- 4.2. The Underspecification (DM) Hypothesis -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- The acquisition of experiencers in Spanish L1 and the external argument requirement hypothesis.

1. Introduction -- 2. The structure of Experiencers -- 2.1. Belletti and Rizzi (1988) -- 2.2. Torrego's (1998) object dependencies in Spanish -- 2.3. Phases and Wexler's hypothesis for syntactic development -- 2.4. Psych verbs and left-dislocation structures -- 3. Implications of the ACDH and EARH for child language -- 4. The experiments -- 4.1. Experiment 1 -- 4.2. Experiment 2 -- 5. Discussion -- Note -- References -- Appendix. Items for experiments -- Experiment 1 -- Experiment 2 -- Early operators and late topic-drop/pro-drop -- 1. The acquisition of grammatical features -- 1.1. Jakobson's order of acquisition steps -- 1.2. Wexler's Optional Infinitives -- 1.3. Rizzi's Truncations -- 1.4. Conflict of Reduction Principles -- 2. The acquisition of I-marking and D-marking -- 3. Overlap between the Reduction Principles -- 4. Rizzi's Truncations for the three different predicate types -- 4.1. Examples of the predicate types -- 4.2. Characteristics of the predicate types -- 5. Type b and type c predicate types -- 5.1. Type b operator predicates -- 5.2. Type c: Discourse topic-oriented predicates -- 5.3. Rise of type c predicates: Topic-drop (Spec,C ø) -- 6. Conjecture: Type c Pro-Drop/Agreement is late -- 7. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Appendix 1: Input for types a-b-c (Dutch/Italian) -- Appendix 2: Input for types a-b (Dutch/Italian) -- Appendix 3: Percentages for imperative type a-b (Dutch/Italian) -- III. Movement and resumptive pronouns -- The acquisition of A- and A'-bound pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous studies on the acquisition of pronouns -- 3. Pronouns as elsewhere elements -- 3.1. Brazilian Portuguese -- 3.2. Elsewhere elements and reference-set computation -- 4. The acquisition of pronouns -- 4.1. Method -- 4.2. Results -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References.

Acquiring long-distance wh-questions in L1 Spanish -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Wh-movement options cross-linguistically -- 3. A few remarks about Spanish -- 4. Previous language acquisition findings: Thornton (1990) and van Kampen (1997) -- 4.1. Non-adult questions are not performance errors -- 5. The experiment -- 5.1. Design and procedure -- 5.2. Results -- 5.3. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix I: Sample corresponding to the question -- Appendix II: Maider's subject extraction questions -- Evidence from L1 acquisition for the syntax of wh-scope marking in French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Wh-in-situ in French -- 3. Partial wh-movement in first and second language acquisition of English LD questions -- 3.1. Thornton (1990): L1 English acquisition of LD wh-questions -- 3.2. Gutierrez (forthcoming): L2/L3 English acquisition of LD wh-questions -- 4. The experiment: Long-distance wh-questions in L1 acquisition of French -- 4.1. Participants, method and results -- 4.2. Partial wh-movement questions in L1 acquisition of French -- 5. Direct dependency scope marking strategies: Wh-in-situ in French and partial wh-movement in L1 French -- 6. Indirect dependency wh-scope marking strategies in L1 French -- 6.1. Indirect dependency in Hindi -- 6.2. Indirect dependency in L1 French -- 6.3. Direct or indirect dependency? -- 7. Acquisition stages -- 7.1. Wh-in-situ as the least marked strategy? -- 7.2. Long-distance dependencies -- Notes -- References -- IV. Syntax/discourse interface -- Acquisition of focus marking in European Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The debate on the nature of focus -- 3. Contribution from acquisition for the debate on focus -- 4. Experiment on the comprehension of focus marking strategies -- 4.1. Methodology -- 4.2. Expected results -- 4.3. Results -- 4.4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes.

References -- Subject pronouns in bilinguals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1. Separated systems and yet influence -- 4.2. Features opposition and markedness -- 4.3. Syntax, discourse and cognition -- 4.4. Bilinguals and maturation -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- V. L2 acquisition -- Is the semantics/syntax interface vulnerable in L2 acquisition? -- 1. Mood selection -- 1.1. Sentential arguments -- 1.2. Relative clauses -- 2. L2 acquisition of modal contrasts -- 3. Method -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Grammaticality judgment task -- 4.2. Truth-Value Judgment task -- 5. Discussion and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- The development of the syntax-discourse interface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1. Word order distribution and the interfaces -- 2.2. L2 acquisition at the syntax-discourse interface: Word order -- 2.3. L2 acquisition at the lexicon-syntax interface: Word order -- 3. Method -- 3.1. Subjects -- 3.2. Experimental design -- 3.3. Instrument -- 3.4. Procedure -- 3.5. Data analysis -- 3.6. Predictions -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Neutral contexts with unaccusative verbs -- 4.2. Neutral contexts with unergative verbs -- 4.3. Presentationally focused-subject contexts with unaccusative verbs -- 4.4. Presentationally focused-subject contexts with unergative verbs -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Beyond the syntax of the Null Subject Parameter -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical background -- 2.1. Some history -- 2.2. Discourse pragmatic properties of subjects -- 2.3. Previous L2 studies of the Null Subject Parameter in Spanish -- 2.4. The present study -- 3. Method -- 3.1. Participants -- 3.2. Tasks -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Morphosyntax -- 4.2. Discourse-pragmatics -- 5. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Intermediate -- Advanced.

Near-native.