Contents -- List of tables -- List of figures -- List of plates -- List of boxes -- List of contributors -- List of acronyms -- Introduction Didier Babin -- Part 1: Measuring and Understanding Deforestation and Forest Dynamics -- 1. The changing objectives of FAO forest resource evaluation Martin-Eric Loffeier and Julie Brayer -- 2. A spatial approach to deforestation phenomena : what remote sensing can contribute Jacques Imbernon -- 3. The contribution of 13C isotopic tracing of soil organic matter to the reconstitution of forest-savannah successions in the coastal zone of Gabon Robert Nasi and Dominique Schwartz -- 4. Deforestation in Amazonia : the actual situation is difficult to pinpoint Luciana Machado and Richard Pasquis -- 5. The changes in Indonesian forests : available tools and indicators Marie-Gabrielle Piketty and Yves Laumonier -- 6. Deforestation in Côte d'Ivoire : the exploitation of forest resources François Verdeaux and Aliène Alpha -- 7. Deforestation and its impact on biological diversity :a question of scale Richard Pasquis and Meriem Bouamrane -- 8. Deforestation and fires : the example of Madagascar Alain Bertrand and Rivo Ratsimbarison -- 9. Environmental impact of deforestation : the retreat of the mangrove versus mangle dynamics Marie-Christine Cormier-Salem -- 10. Tropical forest dynamics and climate change Bruno Locatelli and Alain Karsenty -- Part 2: Forest Dynamics as a Complex Society Process -- 11. Can deforestation help rebuild forests? The Indonesian agroforests Geneviève Michon and Meriem Bouamrane -- 12. Does population growth affect wooded-cover dynamics? Bruno Locatelli, Stanislas Boissau and Jacques Weber -- 13. The spread of the Merina people in Madagascar and natural forest and eucalyptus stand dynamics Alain Bertrand.

14. Forest dynamics : the case of Burundi : images, views, farmer innovations and forestry policies Philippe Guizol and Cléto Ndikumagenge -- 15. Agricultural occupation patterns in an immigration zone in south-western Burkina Faso Xavier Augusseau and Souleymane Pare -- 16. Agricultural pioneer fronts, the crest of a far-reaching wave : the social and spatial dimension of lowland colonization in Nicaragua Christophe Maldidier -- 17. Grazing impact on the savannah in Burkina Faso : a three-scale investigation of ligneous plant dynamics in animal production zones Sandrine Petit, Marie Bussière and Julie Laurent -- 18. Analysis of the anthropic causes of changes in riverbank formations in an agropastoral area of Burkina Faso (Sidéradougou) Stéphane de la Rocque, Mohamed Diallo and Jean César -- 19. The effects of cattle ranching on land use of family holdings in the eastern-Amazon region of Brazil Jean-François Tourrand, Jonas Bastos da Veiga, René Poccard-Chapuis, Nathalie Hostiou, Laura Angélica Ferreira, Rui Manuel Rosário Ludovino and Marie-Gabrielle Piketty -- 20. From shifting agriculture to sustainable complex rubber agroforestry Systems (jungle rubber) in Indonesia : a history of innovation processes Eric Penot -- 21. Collective choices and individual decisions : the sustainability of Indonesian agroforests Meriem Bouamrane and Geneviève Michon -- 22. The tree-crop-based pioneer fronts and lack of replanting : a qualitative model François Ruf -- 23. The Sulawesi case : deforestation, pre-cocoa and cocoa migrations François Ruf and Yoddang -- 24. The rubber showcase in Sumatra Eric Penot -- Part 3: Research, Management and Development Perspectives -- 25. Post-forest areas : how can they contribute to a new forest conservation strategy? Richard Pasquis and Luciana Machado.

26. Amazonian protected natural area schemes : from conservation to sustainable development of forest ecosystems Isabelle Moulis and Richard Pasquis -- 27. Deforestation, agricultural concession policies and potential conflicts in Sanggau district, West Kalimantan province, Indonesia Eric Penot and Cathy Geissler -- 28. Biosphere reserves as a tool in regional planning and resource management in forested landscapes Malcolm Hadley -- 29. Ecological scales and use rights : the use of multi-agent systems François Bousquet, Christophe Le Page, Martine Antona and Philippe Guizol -- 30. A brief presentation of land-use models used to analyse forest dynamics Arlène Alpha -- 31. Looking for sustainable tropical forest management criteria and indicators : the limitations of a normative environmental management approach Guillaume Lescuyer, Alain Karsenty and Martine Antona -- 32. Forest deconstruction and reconstruction : lines of research for a hybrid issue François Verdeaux -- 33. Trees outside the forest : a new perspective on the management of forest resources in the tropics Michelle Pain-Orcet and Ronald Bellefontaine -- 34. Forest cover and agricultural technology David Kaimowitz and Arild Angelsen -- 35. Rethinking forest management based on forest dynamics Alain Bertrand, Didier Babin and Jean-Guy Bertault -- 36. The historical origins of deforestation and forestry policy in French-speaking Africa : from superstition to reality? Alain Bertrand, Jesse Ribot and Pierre Montagne -- 37. Conclusions Didier Babin, Jacques Weber and Jeffrey Sayer -- Index -- Tables -- 1.1. Transition matrix (partial) extended to the whole of the project zone for the period 1980-90 -- 1.2. Estimated forest cover and deforestation rates for the period 1980-90, and for the strict definition of the term forest, with corresponding standard deviations.

2.1. Some of the main operational earth observation satellites -- 4.1. Stratification of Brazilian Amazonia -- 4.2. Scales and use of remote sensing systems to monitor tropical forest deforestation -- 9.1. Main physical and biological roles of mangrove swamps -- 14.1. Sacred trees. Some cultivated species and their uses -- 14.2. The public forest situation in Burundi in 1967, and before and after the 1993 crisis -- 14.3. Population growth in Burundi -- 17.1. Land occupation as a percentage of the area surrounding the village -- 17.2. Brushwood species that cause brush invasion in the Sudanian zone, according to various authors -- 19.1. Land use in a small farm within the county of Uruará, Transamazon region, in 1994 and 1997. Mean data on a sample of 104 farms -- 19.2. Land use in the family holding in the Bragantina region between 1994 and 1997. Mean data for a sampling of ninety-five holdings -- 20. 1. Historical relations between the Indonesian government and smallholder commodity producers -- 20.2. Land planted to rubber in projects between 1970 and 2000 -- 20.3. Agroforestry practices on clonal project plots in West Kalimantan -- 20.4. Replanting by project farmers in the West Kalimantan province -- 21.1. Resource uses and their status -- 23. 1. Mode of access to land and sources of capital and evolution per year in Wotu -- 25.1. Cleared and abandoned areas in legal Amazonia, 1996 -- 25.2. Share of main sectors in state GDP -- 25.3. Agricultural activity and productivity -- 27.1. The TGHK forestry classification and its main characteristics -- 27.2. Types of forest, concessions and actors -- 27.3. Areas and proportions of the different types of land occupation in 1995, after GIS processing -- 31.1. The différent C&I proposals -- Figures -- 2.1. Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum used by remote sensing.

2.2. Errors caused by spatial resolution -- 2.3. Means and standard deviations of the backscattered ERS signal for different types of land cover in Rondonia, Brazil. Water and pasture are clearly separated, but forest, crops and fallow are easily confused -- 2.4. The TREES project proposed typology of deforestation patterns -- 7.1. The swathe of deforestation -- 7.2. Profile of the dense tropical forest in the Manaus region -- 10.1. Carbon density in different types of ecosystems and areas covered per type -- 10.2. Carbon exchanges between the atmosphere, the sea and the continental biosphere for the period 1989-98 -- 10.3. A simplified model of carbon reserves and flows within a planted forest -- 12.1. Map of Madagascar showing the Mananara region and the three study villages -- 12.2. Landscape history study method -- 12.3. Intuitive interpretation of three remarkable landscapes -- 12.4. The U-curve -- 12.5. Population density and wooded cover -- 12.6. Population density and wooded areas -- 3.1. Map of the successive boundaries of the Manjakandriana natural forest -- 15.1. Location of the study zone -- 15.2. Agricultural areas in the study zone -- 16.1. Pioneer front mechanisms : 'domino migration' -- 20.1. Alternatives between food crops, cash crops and rubber Systems -- 20.2. Value of labour cost when NPV = 0 : equivalent to return to labour for each System -- 20.3. Net incremental benefit (NPV) of each system compared with jungle rubber -- 20.4. Production value (NPV) for each System -- 22. 1. A conceptual model of cocoa cycles -- 22.2. Arrival of migrants and cocoa price. Krémoué, San Pedro,1978-2000 -- 22.3. Annual cocoa plantings (by autochfhons and migrants) and cocoa price. Krémoué, 1978-2001 -- 23. 1. Number of new migrants per year and current cocoa price in Lapai, South-East Sulawesi, 1970-89.

23.2. Cocoa production in Sulawesi and New York price.