Cover -- Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP) composites for structural applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributor contact details -- Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering -- Part I Materials -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 References -- 2 Phenolic resins as a matrix material in advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 2.1 Introduction to phenolic resins -- 2.2 Synthesis of phenolic-type matrices -- 2.3 Phenols, aldehydes and other reagents -- 2.4 Bio-based resins -- 2.5 Composites from phenolic-type matrices -- 2.6 Reinforcements -- 2.7 Interfaces and voids -- 2.8 Mechanical properties -- 2.9 Thermal properties -- 2.10 Other properties: electrical conductivity, fire safety and recycling -- 2.11 Conclusion and future trends -- 2.12 Acknowledgements -- 2.13 References -- 3 Polyester resins as a matrix material in advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 3.3 Polyesters as matrix materials -- 3.4 Manufacture of polyester-based composites -- 3.5 Reinforcements for polyester-based composites -- 3.6 Applications of polymer-based composites -- 3.7 Conclusion and future trends -- 3.8 Acknowledgements -- 3.9 References -- 4 Vinylester resins as a matrix material in advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Vinylester and other resins as matrix materials -- 4.3 Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites as structural materials -- 4.4 Fatigue, creep and other properties of structural composites -- 4.5 Chemistry and properties of vinylester resins as matrix materials -- 4.6 Applications of vinylester-based composites in civil engineering -- 4.7 Conclusion and future trends -- 4.8 Sources of further information and advice -- 4.9 References.

5 Epoxy resins as a matrix material in advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Curing reactions of epoxy resins -- 5.3 Common epoxy resins -- 5.4 Curing agents -- 5.5 Bio-derived epoxy resins -- 5.6 Mechanical properties -- 5.7 Chemical properties -- 5.8 Thermal and electrical properties -- 5.9 Optical properties -- 5.10 Applications -- 5.11 Toxicity, hazard and safe handling -- 5.12 Future trends -- 5.13 Conclusion -- 5.14 References -- Part II Processing and fabrication -- 6 Prepreg processing of advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Prepreg semi-finished products -- 6.3 Manufacturing processes -- 6.4 Quality issues -- 6.5 Conclusion and future trends -- 6.6 References -- 7 Resin infusion/liquid composite moulding (LCM) of advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Process description -- 7.3 Simulation and experimental observations -- 7.4 Rigid moulds -- 7.5 Flexible moulds -- 7.6 Current usage -- 7.7 Case studies -- 7.8 Future trends -- 7.9 Conclusion -- 7.10 Sources of further information and advice -- 7.11 References -- 8 Filament winding processes in the manufacture of advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Filament winding -- 8.3 Filament-wound structures for infrastructure applications -- 8.4 New beam design using filament winding -- 8.5 Conclusion -- 8.6 References -- 9 Pultrusion of advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Overview of the pultrusion process -- 9.3 Fibre reinforcements and matrices used in the pultrusion of advanced composites -- 9.4 Pultrusion line equipment and manufacturing processes -- 9.5 Technical specifications -- 9.6 Quality control -- 9.7 Joining technologies -- 9.8 Types of pultruded advanced composites.

9.9 Properties of pultruded advanced composites -- 9.10 Applications of pultruded advanced composites -- 9.11 Sustainability of pultruded advanced composites -- 9.12 Conclusion and future trends -- 9.13 Sources of further information and advice -- 9.14 References -- Part III Properties, performance and testing -- 10 Understanding and predicting interfacial stresses in advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applicati -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Interfacial stresses in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 10.3 Mechanical properties of matrices and fibre reinforcements -- 10.4 Structural concrete and steel adherends in civil infrastructure -- 10.5 Measuring stresses in FRP composite bonded joints -- 10.6 Theoretical models for predicting stress in FRP composite bonded joints -- 10.7 Finite element method (FEM) and finite difference method (FDM) models of stress in FRP composite joints -- 10.8 Implications for the design of FRP composite joints -- 10.9 Conclusion and future trends -- 10.10 Sources of further information and advice -- 10.11 References -- 11 Understanding and predicting stiffness in advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applications -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 General aspects of composite stiffness -- 11.3 Understanding lamina stiffness -- 11.4 Micromechanical analysis of a lamina -- 11.5 Comparing micromechanical models with experimental data -- 11.6 Stiffness and compliance transformations -- 11.7 Laminate plate and shell stiffness: classical lamination theory (CLT) -- 11.8 Properties of different types of laminate -- 11.9 In-plane and flexural engineering constants of a laminate -- 11.10 New optical methods for measuring laminate stiffness -- 11.11 Conclusion -- 11.12 Software available -- 11.13 References.

12 Understanding the durability of advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for structural applications -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Structure and processing of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites -- 12.3 Applications of FRP composites in civil engineering -- 12.4 Physical ageing: mechanisms and stabilization techniques -- 12.5 Mechanisms of chemical ageing: introduction -- 12.6 Mechanisms of chemical ageing: reaction- diffusion coupling -- 12.7 Mechanisms of chemical ageing: hydrolytic processes -- 12.8 Mechanisms of chemical ageing: oxidation processes -- 12.9 Chemical ageing: stabilization techniques -- 12.10 Fibre and interfacial degradation -- 12.11 Flammability of FRP composites -- 12.12 Improving the fire retardancy of FRP composites -- 12.13 Structural integrity of FRP composites exposed to fire -- 12.14 Conclusion and future trends -- 12.15 Sources of further information and advice -- 12.16 References -- 13 Testing of pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite materials and structures -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Tests to characterise the mechanical properties of pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) material -- 13.3 Tests to characterise the flexural, torsional, buckling and collapse responses of pultruded GFRP structural grade profiles -- 13.4 Tests to characterise the stiffness and strength of pultruded GFRP joints -- 13.5 Tests on pultruded GFRP suband full-scale structures -- 13.6 Conclusion -- 13.7 Acknowledgements -- 13.8 Sources of further information and advice -- 13.9 References -- Part IV Applications -- 14 Advanced fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen structures vulnerable to seismic damage -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures -- 14.3 FRP composite retrofitted bridges -- 14.4 Recoverability of FRP composite-RC bridge piers.

14.5 Performance of FRP composite-retrofitted beam-column joints in RC bridges -- 14.6 Overall performance of in-situ carbon fiberreinforced polymer (CFRP) composite retrofitted RC bridges -- 14.7 Retrofitting and recoverability of FRP composite-RC buildings -- 14.8 Novel damage-controllable structures using FRP composites -- 14.9 Conclusion and future trends -- 14.10 Proceedings -- 14.11 References -- 15 High performance fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) for civil engineering applications -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Physical and chemical effects of fibres in concrete -- 15.3 Mechanical effect of fibres in concrete -- 15.4 Types of fibre used in fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) -- 15.5 Ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) and other new developments -- 15.6 Case studies -- 15.7 Conclusion -- 15.8 Acknowledgements -- 15.9 References and further reading -- 16 Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials in bridge engineering: materials, properties and applications in bri -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials used in bridge engineering -- 16.3 In-service and physical properties of FRP composites used in bridge engineering -- 16.4 FRP bridge enclosures -- 16.5 FRP bridge decks -- 16.6 The rehabilitation of reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PC) bridge beams using external FRP plate bonding -- 16.7 FRP rebars/grids and tendons as an alternative to steel for reinforcing concrete beams in highway bridges -- 16.8 Seismic retrofit of columns and shear strengthening of RC bridge structures -- 16.9 Conclusion and future trends -- 16.10 Sources of further information and advice -- 16.11 References -- 17 Applications of advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in bridge engineering: rehabilitation of metallic bridge stru -- 17.1 Introduction.

17.2 The rehabilitation of metallic bridge beams.