Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- Contents -- List of Abbrevations -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 1.2.1 Trace Elements, Chemical Species and Speciation Analysis -- 1.2.2 Metallomics -- 1.2.3 Metalloproteomics -- 1.2.4 Relationships Among Metallomics and Other "-omics" -- 1.3 Nuclear Analytical Techniques -- 1.3.1 General Analytical Approaches in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 1.3.2 Specific Nuclear Analytical Techniques -- 1.4 Applications of Advanced Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 1.4.1 Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Multielemental Quantification -- 1.4.2 Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Metallome and Metalloproteome Distribution -- 1.4.3 Nuclear Analytical Techniques for the Structural Analysis of Metallomes and Metalloproteomes -- 1.5 Purposes of the Book and Layout of the Chapters -- 1.6 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 2 Neutron Activation Analysis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Activation and Analysis -- 2.1.2 Sensitivities -- 2.1.3 Strengths and Limitations -- 2.2 Development of NAA for Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 2.2.1 Differential Centrifugation-NAA -- 2.2.2 Liquid Chromatography-NAA -- 2.2.3 Electrophoresis-NAA -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 X-ray Fluorescence -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 The Physics of X-ray Fluorescence -- 3.3 XRF Facilities -- 3.3.1 Primary Radiation Source -- 3.3.2 Optics -- 3.3.3 Detectors -- 3.3.4 Electronics -- 3.3.5 Wavelength Dispersive XRF -- 3.4 Analytical Procedures with EDXRF -- 3.4.1 Sample Preparation -- 3.4.2 Element Measuring -- 3.4.3 Data Processing -- 3.4.4 Sensitivity, Limit of detection, and Precision -- 3.5 Other XRF Techniques -- 3.5.1 Micro-XRF -- 3.5.2 Total Reflection XRF.

3.5.3 Grazing-exit XRF -- 3.6 Applications of EDXRF in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 3.6.1 XRF Methods Used for Elemental Analysis in Protein Fractions after Biochemical Separation -- 3.6.2 Electrophoresis and Sample Preparation for SRXRF Measurement -- 3.6.3 XRF as an On-line Detector of Capillary Electrophoresis and Other Separation Techniques -- 3.7 Outlook and Challenges -- References -- Chapter 4 Isotopic Techniques Combined with ICP-MS and ESI-MS -- 4.1 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 ICP as a High-temperature Ionization Source -- 4.1.3 Mass Analyzers for ICP-MS -- 4.1.4 ICP-MS Coupled Techniques -- 4.2 ESI-MS -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Electrospray and Related Ionization Techniques -- 4.3 Isotopic Tracer Techniques Combined with ICP-MS in the Study of Metallomics -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Examples of Applications -- 4.4 Isotope Dilution Analysis in the Quantitative Study of Proteins -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Species-specific Method -- 4.4.3 Species-unspecific Method -- 4.5 Isotope Tagging and Labeling Techniques for Protein Quantification -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Chemical Labeling Methods for Protein Quantification -- 4.5.3 Metabolic Labeling for Protein Quantification -- 4.5.4 Hetero-elements used as Elemental Tags -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Mössbauer Spectroscopy -- 5.1 Introduction and Fundamentals -- 5.1.1 The Mössbauer Effect -- 5.1.2 Hyperfine Structure -- 5.2 Equipment and Experiments -- 5.2.1 Equipment for a Mössbauer Spectrometer -- 5.2.2. The Mössbauer Spectrum -- 5.3 Applications for Chemical Speciation and Metalloproteins -- 5.3.1 Sample Preparation -- 5.3.2 Some Examples of Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Metalloprotein Studies -- 5.3.3 Mössbauer Spectroscopy for the Study of Elemental Speciation.

5.4 Other Techniques for Hyperfine Interaction Studies -- 5.4.1 Nuclear Resonance Spectroscopy -- 5.4.2 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance -- 5.4.3 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy -- 5.5 Limitations and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basics of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy -- 6.2.1 X-ray Absorption and Fluorescence -- 6.2.2 Samples and Sample Preparation -- 6.2.3 XAS Measurement -- 6.2.4 Data Analysis -- 6.3 Application of XAS in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.3.1 Fingerprints Studies and Quantitative Speciation by XANES -- 6.3.2 Fingerprints and Structural Information by EXAFS -- 6.3.3 Micro-XAS in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4 Combination of XAS and other Techniques in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.1 Combination of XAS with Separation Techniques in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.2 Combination of XAS with XRF in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.3 Combination of XAS with Protein Crystallography in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.4 Combination of XAS with Computational Chemistry in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.5 Combination of XAS with Neutron Scattering in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.6 Combination of XAS with Circular Dichroism in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.7 Combination of XAS with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.8 Combination of XAS with Raman Spectroscopy in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.4.9 Combination of XAS with Electron Spin Resonance in Metallomics and Metalloproteomics -- 6.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 7 Protein Crystallography for Metalloproteins -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Structure Determination by Protein Crystallography -- 7.3 Structure Determination Using the Multi-wavelength Anomalous Dispersion Method.

7.3.1 Theoretical Background -- 7.3.2 Experimental Strategies -- 7.4 Crystal Structure Made Clear: Structure and Function of SmdCD -- References -- Chapter 8 Applications of Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Iron-omics Studies -- 8.1 Chemistry of Iron -- 8.2 Physiology of Iron -- 8.3 Cellular and Systemic Iron Metabolism Regulation -- 8.3.1 Cellular Iron Uptake -- 8.3.2 Iron Storage -- 8.3.3 Coordination of Iron Uptake and Storage -- 8.3.4 Iron Hormone Regulates Systemic Iron Homeostasis -- 8.4 Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism -- 8.5 Molecular Mechanism of Impaired Iron Homeostasis in Neurodegenerative Disorders -- 8.5.1 Iron Dysregulation and Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 8.5.2 Iron Metabolism in the Central Nervous System -- 8.5.3 Participation of Iron in Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 8.6 Examples of Nuclear Analytical Techniques in Iron Metabolism Studies -- 8.6.1 Synchronous Radiation-based Analytical Techniques -- 8.6.2 Particle-induced X-ray Emission -- 8.6.3 Neutron Activation Analysis -- 8.6.4 Radioactive and Enriched Stable Isotope-based Techniques -- 8.6.5 Mössbauer Spectroscopy -- 8.6.6 Speciation Analysis by Pre-separation Procedures in Combination with Nuclear Analytical Techniques -- References -- Chapter 9 Nuclear-based Metallomics in Metal-based Drugs -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Cellular Distribution and Metabolism of Metallodrugs -- 9.2.1 Hydrolysis of Platinum Compounds -- 9.2.2 Cellular Localization of Metallodrugs -- 9.2.3 Pharmacokinetics of Metallodrugs -- 9.3 Metallodrug-Biomolecule Interactions -- 9.3.1 Platinated-DNA Adducts -- 9.3.2 Metallodrug-Protein Interactions -- 9.3.3 Platinated DNA-Protein Interactions -- 9.4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10 Application of Integrated Techniques for Micro- and Nano-imaging Towards the Study of Metallomics and Metalloproteomics in Biological Systems.

10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 X-ray Fluorescence -- 10.2.1 Environmental Science -- 10.2.2 Life Science -- 10.3 Particle Induced X-ray Emission -- 10.3.1 Plants -- 10.3.2 Animals -- 10.3.3 Cellular Imaging -- 10.4 Mass Spectrometry Imaging -- 10.4.1 Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry -- 10.4.2 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry -- 10.4.3 Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry -- 10.4.4 Near-field LA-ICP-MS: A Novel Elemental Analytical Technique for Nano-imaging -- 10.5 Tomography -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 Nuclear-based Metallomics in Metallic Nanomaterials: Nanometallomics -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Nanometallomics and its Study Area -- 11.3 Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Characterization of Metallic Nanomaterials -- 11.3.1 Size Characterization -- 11.3.2 Oxidation State Analysis -- 11.3.3 Electronic Configuration and Coordination Geometry -- 11.4 Quantification and Distribution of Metallic Nanomaterials -- 11.4.1 Neutron Activation Analysis for Quantification -- 11.4.2 ICP-MS for Quantification -- 11.4.3 Distribution of Metallic Nanomaterials in Biological Systems -- 11.5 Structural Analysis for the Bio-nano Interaction -- 11.6. Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Subject Index.