Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Remarks on Spelling -- Abbreviations -- Maps -- 1 Introduction -- The Problem of Michif -- Short Structural Sketch of Michif -- The Place of Michif in the Study of Language Contact -- Some Hypotheses on the Genesis of Michif -- Conclusions -- Outline of the Book -- 2 European-Amerindian Contact in the Fur Trade -- Native Peoples in North America -- The French -- Native Peoples in the West -- The Fur Trade Companies -- Contacts with Native Women -- Summary and Conclusions -- 3 The Métis Nation: Origin and Culture -- The Emergence of a Métis Identity -- The Métis as an Ethnic Group -- Métis Languages -- Numbers of Speakers of Michif -- Summary and Conclusions -- 4 Grammatical Sketch of Michif -- The Two Phonological Systems -- Phonological Convergence -- Morphology and Syntax -- Summary -- 5 Variation in Michif -- Introduction -- Method -- The Michif-speaking Communities -- The Michif Speakers: Their Knowledge of Cree and French -- Language Variation across Linguistic Categories -- Ile-a-la-Crosse French-Cree versus Michif -- Influence from Cree and French on Michif -- French and Cree in Contact: The Three Types -- Conclusions -- 6 Cree-French Language Mixture: Types and Origin -- Red River Métis Language Use in the Past -- The Origin of the Northwest Saskatchewan Dialect of French-Cree (Ile-a-la-Crosse) -- Code Mixing with Algonquian Languages -- Conclusions -- 7 Ethnogenesis and Language Genesis: A Model -- Introduction -- "New" Languages: Pidgins, Creoles, and Mixed Languages -- Mixed Languages: An Overview -- Mixed Languages: Generalities and Types -- Sociolinguistic and Linguistic Typology of Mixing: Language Intertwining -- Summary and Conclusions -- 8 The Intertwining of French and Cree -- History of Algonquian Morphological Studies -- Morphology of Cree: Nouns and Verbs -- Morphology of French.

The Intertwining of French and Cree -- Conclusions: Cree Morphology and Michif -- 9 The Source Languages of Michif: French, Cree, and Ojibwe -- Introduction -- The French Component of Michif -- The Cree Component of Michif -- The Ojibwe Component of Michif -- Michif: Ojibwe, French, and Cree Come Together -- Conclusions -- 10 The Genesis of Michif -- Notes -- References -- Index of Languages, Personal Names, and Geographical Names -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.