Anemia is found in approximately 80% of elderly patients, most often caused by chronic disease and iron deficiency. Hemopoiesis is a crossroad for many aging-related events. Why do older patients become anemic? When should a diagnostic work up of anemia be initiated in the older person? What are the clinical consequences of anemia? Can the treatment of anemia delay aging? Have erythropoietic growth factors played a role in age-related anemia? Who should receive an erythropoietin stimulating agent? When should the suspicion for Myelodysplastic Syndrome be ruled out and what are the clues? This book addresses these and many other important questions with a review of the most recent findings.