CONTENTS -- Chapter 1 Introduction to In-Situ Electron Microscopy Florian Banhart -- 1. Definition and History of In-Situ Electron Microscopy -- 2. Modern In-Situ Electron Microscopy -- 3. The Techniques of In-Situ Electron Microscopy -- 4. Limitations of in-situ Electron Microscopy and Future Demands -- 5. Concept of this Book -- References -- Chapter 2 Observation of Dynamic Processes using Environmental Transmission or Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Renu Sharma -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Environmental Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscope -- 2.1. Windowed cell -- 2.2. Differential pumping systems -- 3. Experimental Planning Strategies -- 5. Data Collection -- 6. Applications -- 6.1. Nanoscale characterization during synthesis -- 6.1.1. Effect of the environment on nanoparticle morphology -- 6.1.2. Effect of support on nanoparticle morphology -- 6.1.3. Nanoparticle synthesis by de-hydroxylation -- 6.1.3. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) -- 6.2. Effect of environment on catalytic activity -- 6.3. Effect of humidity on aerosol particles -- 7. Limitations -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 In-Situ High-Resolution Observation of Solid-Solid, Solid-Liquid and Solid-Gas Reactions Hiroyasu Saka -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Specimen-Heating Holders -- 3. Solid-Solid Reactions -- 3.1. Formation of SiC via solid-state reaction and behaviour of grain boundary in SiC -- 3.2. Vibration of a grain boundary and an interface -- 4. Solid-Liquid Reactions -- 4.1. Melting of metals with small dimensions -- 4.1.1. Melting of embedded particles -- 4.1.2. Melting of a wedge-shaped crystal -- 4.1.3. Melting of a conical needle -- 4.2. Solid-liquid interfaces -- 4.2.1. Pure metals -- 4.2.2. Alumina -- 4.2.3. Al-Si alloy -- 4.3. Wetting of liquid metals on non-metallic substrates -- 4.3.1. Au liquid on Si substrate -- 4.3.2. Al on Si.

4.3.3. Size dependence of the wetting angle of liquid metals on non-metallic substrates -- 5. Solid-Gas Reactions -- 5.1. Oxidation of Si -- 5.2. Three-way catalyst -- 6. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy: Nanoindentation and Straining Experiments Wouter A. Soer and Jeff T. De Hosson -- 1. Introduction -- 2. In-Situ Nanoindentation in a TEM -- 2.1. Stage design -- 2.2. Specimen geometry -- 3. Experimental Procedure -- 3.1. Specimen preparation and microstructure -- 3.2. In-situ and exsitu nanoindentation experiments -- 4. Dislocation Dynamics in Al and Al-Mg Thin Films -- 4.1. In-situ observations of dislocation propagation -- 4.2. Serrated yielding in Al-Mg alloys -- 4.3. Effect of solute drag on load-controlled indentation curves -- 4.4. Effect of solute drag on displacement-controlled indentation -- 5. Grain Boundary Dynamics in Al and Al-Mg Thin Films -- 6. Superplastic Behavior of Coarse-Grained Al-Mg Alloys -- 6.1. In-situ TEM straining experiments -- 6.2. Dislocation substructure -- 6.3. In-situ observations of substructure evolution -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 In-Situ HRTEM Studies of Interface Dynamics During Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Metal Alloys James M. Howe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. In-Situ Hot-Stage HRTEM of Interphase Boundaries -- 3. Example Studies -- 3.1. Diffuse coherent interface in Au-Cu alloy -- 3.2. Partly coherent interfaces in Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy -- 3.2.1. Structural and kinetic analyses in an edge-on orientation -- 3.2.2. Structural and kinetic analyses in a face-on orientation -- 3.3. Incoherent interface in Ti-Al alloy -- 4. Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter 6 In-Situ TEM of Filled Nanotubes: Heating, Electron Irradiation, Electrical and Mechanical Probing Dmitri Golberg and Yoshio Bando -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic TEM Setup -- 3. In-Situ Thermal Heating/Cooling Experiments on Filled Nanotubes -- 3.1. Filled carbon nanotubes -- 3.2. Alternative filled inorganic nanotubes performing as nanothermometers: in-situ TEM heating -- 4. In-Situ Electron Irradiation Experiments on Filled Nanotubes -- 4.1. Filled carbon nanotubes -- 4.2. Filled boron nitride nanotubes -- 4.3. Filled silica nanotubes -- 5. Electrical Probing Experiments on Filled Nanotubes -- 5.1. Ferromagnet-filled carbon nanotubes -- 5.2. Ceramic-filled BN nanotubes -- 6. Mechanical Deformation of Filled BN Nanotubes -- 7. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 In-Situ Ion and Electron Beam Effects on the Fabrication and Analysis of Nanomaterials Kazuo Furuya, Minghui Song, and Masayuki Shimojo -- 1. Introduction -- 2. In-Situ TEM Studies of Ion Implanted Structures -- 2.1. Introduction of In-situ ion implantation experiments -- 2.2. Instruments with ion beam interfaces -- 2.3. Irradiation induced phase transformations -- 2.4. Nano-inclusions in materials -- 2.5. Xe and inert gas in metals -- 2.5.1. Nucleation and fluctuation of Xe nanocrystals -- 2.5.2. Motion of atoms in a Xe nanocrystal -- 2.5.3. Coalescence of Xe nanocrystals -- 2.5.4. Ordering in a fluid Xe inclusion contained in Al metal -- 3. In-Situ Studies of Electron Beam-Induced Deposition (EBID) -- 3.1. Introduction of EBID -- 3.2. Mechanisms of EBID -- 3.3. Resolution limit -- 3.4. Materials and precursors for EBID -- 3.4.1. Overview of precursors for metal deposition -- 3.4.2. Iron and iron-compound deposition -- 3.5. Applications of EBID -- 3.5.1. Mask repair and device fabrication -- 3.5.2. Field emitters -- 3.5.3. Carbon nanotube growth.

4. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Electron Irradiation of Nanomaterials in the Electron Microscope Florian Banhart -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Irradiation of Solids with Electrons -- 2.1. Mechanisms of electron-solid interaction -- 2.1.1. Electronic excitations -- 2.1.2. Atom displacements -- 2.2. Defects generated under electron irradiation -- 3. The Experimental Techniques of In-Situ Electron Microscopy in the Study of Irradiation Effects -- 4. Electron Irradiation Effects in Nanoparticles -- 4.1. Basic principles of irradiation of small objects -- 4.2. Irradiation effects in nanometer-sized crystals -- 4.3. Irradiation effects in graphitic nanoparticles -- 4.3.1. Radiation defects in graphitic structures -- 4.3.2. Carbon nanotubes -- 4.3.3. Carbon onions -- 4.4. Phase transformations in nanoparticles under irradiation -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 In-Situ Observation of Atomic Defects in Carbon Nanostructures Kazu Suenaga -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mono-vacancy Formation in SWNT -- 3. Formation and Relaxation of Inter-Layer Defects in a Graphite Gap -- 4. Atomic Migration through Defects of Fullerenes in Nano-Peapods -- 5. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index.