Cover -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Nomenclature -- Abbreviations -- Units and Conversion Factors -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Context -- 1.2 Previous Studies -- 1.3 Study Purpose and Scope -- 1.4 Geographic Scope -- 1.5 Report Organization -- 2. Background -- 2.1 Economy -- 2.2 Energy -- 2.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 2.4 Overview of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology -- 3. Capture Sources -- 3.1 Data Inventory Methodology -- 3.2 Emissions Inventory -- 3.3 Capture-Ranking Methodology -- 3.4 Source Ranking for Capture Suitability -- 4. CO[sub(2)] Storage Capacity -- 4.1 Methodology -- 4.2 Storage Estimate -- 4.3 Ranking of Storage Options in Oil and Gas Fields -- 5. Source-Sink Matching -- 5.1 Matching Methodology -- 5.2 Indonesia (South Sumatra): Source-Sink Combinations -- 5.3 Philippines (CALABARZON): Source-Sink Combinations -- 5.4 Thailand: Source-Sink Combinations -- 5.5 Viet Nam: Source-Sink Combinations -- 5.6 Summary of Source-Sink Options for Pilot Project -- 6. Carbon Capture and Storage Cost Analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Assumptions -- 6.3 Results -- 6.4 Sensitivities -- 6.5 Financing -- 7. Legal and Social Issues in Carbon Capture and Storage -- 7.1 Legal and Regulatory Framework -- 7.2 Public Perception and Social Acceptability of Carbon Capture and Storage -- 8. Road Map for Carbon Capture and Storage Development -- 8.1 Barriers and Drivers for Carbon Capture and Storage -- 8.2 Carbon Capture and Storage Development Strategy -- 8.3 Road Map for Carbon Capture and Storage -- 8.4 Pilot Project Activities -- 8.5 Implementing the Road Map: Carbon Capture and Storage Working Groups -- 9. Conclusion and Recommendations -- 9.1 Carbon Capture and Storage Opportunities Are Available -- 9.2 Recommendations for Pilot Projects.

9.3 This Study Offers a Road Map for Carbon Capture and Storage Development, Starting with a Pilot Project -- 9.4 Natural Gas Processing Offers the Best Entry Point -- 9.5 CO[sub(2)]-Enhanced Oil Recovery, When Available, Represents a Good Financing Option for Initial Carbon Capture and Storage Projects -- 9.6 Existing Legal and Regulatory Frameworks Could Be Expanded for Carbon Capture and Storage -- 9.7 Communication and Engagement Strategies Must Play an Essential Role in Developing Carbon Capture and Storage -- 9.8 An Enabling Environment Is Required for Carbon Capture and Storage Development -- 9.9 Carbon Capture and Storage Working Groups Should Be Continued to Advance Development -- Appendixes -- 1 Indonesia Executive Summary -- 2 Philippines Executive Summary -- 3 Thailand Executive Summary -- 4 Viet Nam Executive Summary -- 5 Scale of Carbon Capture and Storage Projects: Pilot vs. Demonstration vs. Commercial -- Bibliography -- Tables -- 2.1 Operational and Under-Construction Carbon Capture and Storage Plants -- 3.1 Weights for the Preferential Criteria -- 3.2 Top Three Ranked Capture Candidates by Country -- 4.1 Ranking Criteria for Oil and Gas Fields -- 5.1 Summary of Leading Source-Sink Match Options for Pilot Project -- 6.1 Financial Assumptions (%) -- 6.2 Reference Technical Assumptions for Power Plants -- 6.3 Power Plant, Natural Gas Processing, and Fuel Costs by Country -- 7.1 Legal and Regulatory Framework for Carbon Capture and Storage -- 8.1 Illustrative Road Map for Carbon Capture and Storage Development -- Figures -- 1.1 Study Approach -- 2.1 Summary of Focus Countries -- 2.2 Primary Commercial Energy Supply in the Four Countries of the Study, 2010 -- 2.3 Carbon Capture and Storage Schematic Showing Oil and Gas Production, CO[sub(2)] Utilization in Resource Production, and CO[sub(2)] Storage -- 2.4 CO[sub(2)] Capture Process.

3.1 Emissions Inventory of Existing Sources -- 3.2 Emissions and Number of Sources Evaluated for Capture Suitability Ranking -- 4.1 Approach for Estimating CO[sub(2)] Storage Capacity -- 4.2 Estimated CO[sub(2)] Storage Capacity -- 4.3 Sedimentary Basins of Indonesia -- 4.4 Sedimentary Basins of the Philippines -- 4.5 Sedimentary Basins of Thailand -- 4.6 Sedimentary Basins of Viet Nam -- 4.7 Distribution of Oil Fields by CO[sub(2)] Storage Volume -- 4.8 Distribution of Gas Fields by CO[sub(2)] Storage Volume -- 4.9 Oil and Gas Fields Ranked by Suitability for Storage -- 5.1 Source-Sink Matching for Oil and Gas Fields in South Sumatra -- 5.2 Top-Ranked CO[sub(2)] Sources and Sinks in the Philippines -- 5.3 Key Sources and Sinks in Thailand -- 5.4 Top-Ranked CO[sub(2)] Sources and Sinks in South Viet Nam, 2012-2020 -- 5.5 CO[sub(2)] Content in Natural Gas Fields in the Offshore Sedimentary Basins of Viet Nam -- 6.1 Levelized Cost of Electricity of Power Plants with and without Carbon Capture and Storage -- 6.2 Abatement Costs for Carbon Capture and Storage in Power Plants -- 6.3 Comparison of Wholesale Power Prices against Levelized Cost of Electricity of Power Plants with and without Carbon Capture and Storage -- 6.4 Levelized Cost of Natural Gas-Processing Facility with Carbon Capture and Storage -- 6.5 Sensitivity Results -- 6.6 Incremental Cost and Financing Options for Supercritical Pulverized Coal Power Plant with Carbon Capture and Storage -- 6.7 Incremental Cost and Financing Options for Natural Gas Combined-Cycle Power Plant with Carbon Capture and Storage -- 6.8 Incremental Cost and Financing Options for Natural Gas Processing with Carbon Capture and Storage -- 6.9 Annual Costs, Enhanced Oil Recovery Revenues, and Subsidy Impact of 1 Mt/yr CO[sub(2)] Carbon Capture and Storage System in Indonesia.

6.10 Annual Costs, Enhanced Oil Recovery Revenues, and Subsidy Impact of 1 Mt/yr CO[sub(2)] Carbon Capture and Storage System in the Philippines -- 6.11 Annual Costs, Enhanced Oil Recovery Revenues, and Subsidy Impact of 1 Mt/yr CO[sub(2)] Carbon Capture and Storage System in Thailand -- 6.12 Annual Costs, Enhanced Oil Recovery Revenues, and Subsidy Impact of 1 Mt/yr CO[sub(2)] Carbon Capture and Storage System in Viet Nam -- 7.1 Key Participants in the Development of Carbon Capture and Storage Regulations -- 8.1 Stages of Carbon Capture and Storage Development.