Cover -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1: Climate change and the role of the energy sector -- Chapter 2: Energy supply and demand -- Chapter 3: Challenges to energy security -- Chapter 4: Responses to energy security challenges -- Chapter 5: Technological solutions: clean, renewable energy and energy efficiency -- Chapter 6: Financing: status, performance, and challenges -- Chapter 7: International best practices in renewable energy and energy efficiency -- Chapter 8: The role of regional trade in energy security and clean development -- Chapter 9: The way ahead -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- List of Tables -- Table 2.1: Gross Domestic Product and Energy Intensity in the Region -- Table 2.2: Coal Trade of Different Countries -- Table 2.3: Natural Gas Trade of Different Countries -- Table 2.4: Crude Oil Trade of Different Countries -- Table 2.5: Reserves of Uranium in the Region -- Table 2.6: Wind Energy Potential in Selected Southeast Asian Countries -- Table 2.7: Hydroelectric Potential in the Region -- Table 2.8: Estimated Bagasse Potential Availability, 2005 -- Table 3.1: Current Electrification Rate in Selected Southeast Asian Countries -- Table 3.2: Electrification in the Developing Pacific, from 1990s -- Table 3.3: Access to Electricity in South Asia -- Table 3.4: Oil Import Dependence in the Region -- Table 4.1: Renewable Energy Promotion Policies -- Table 4.2: National Targets for Increasing Usage of Renewable Energy Resources -- Table 5.1: A Typology of Liquid Biofuels -- Table 5.2: Cost Structure for a Typical Medium-Sized Onshore Wind Installation -- Table 5.3: Coal-Fired Electricity Generation and CO[sub(2)] Emissions in the PRC -- Table 5.4: Performance Summary for Different Fossil Fuel-Fired Plants -- Table 5.5: Storage Capacity.

Table 5.6: Potential Boost in Fuel Economy from Engine and Non-Engine Improvements -- Table 5.7: Energy Used by Best Available Technology for Paper and Pulp -- Table 5.8: Regional Average Energy Use of Metallurgical Alumina Production, 2006 -- Table 5.9: Regional Average Electricity Use of Primary Aluminum Production, 2006 -- Table 6.1: Energy Investments and Funding Sources, 2005 -- Table 6.2: Options for Financing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Projects -- Table 6.3: World Bank Lending to Energy Projects in Asia and Pacific Countries by Instrument Type, 1996-2009 -- Table 6.4: Projects under Climate Change Area of Global Environment Facility -- Table 6.5: The GEF Portfolio Project Types (Allocations in %) -- Table 6.6: Global Environment Facility Grants under Climate Change for the PRC and India -- Table 6.7: ADB's Clean Energy Investments -- Table 6.8: CDM Projects by Status (as of 1 December 2008) -- Table 6.9: CDM Projects by Emission Reduction Capacity (as of 1 December 2008) -- Table 6.10: CDM Projects by Subtypes (as of 1 December 2008) -- Table 6.11: CDM Projects by Status in DAP Countries (as of 1 December 2008) -- Table 6.12: MW Installed in All CDM Projects in Pipeline in Asia and Pacific Countries (as of 1 December 2008) -- Table 6.13: Energy Efficiency Projects in CDM at Different Stages (as of 1 December 2008) -- Table 6.14: Project Type-Reason for Rejection of Registration (as of 1 April 2009) -- Table 6.15: Instances of Technology Transfer in CDM Projects -- Table 7.1: FIT Design in Different Countries in the European Union for 2007 -- Table 7.2: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Stepped Tariff -- Table 7.3: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Tariff Degression in the FIT Design -- Table 7.4: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Premium Option -- Table 8.1: Key Programs of ASEAN with Other Regions -- List of Figures.

Figure 2.1: Coal Reserves -- Figure 2.2: Coal Production -- Figure 2.3: Coal Consumption -- Figure 2.4: Natural Gas Reserves -- Figure 2.5: Production of Natural Gas -- Figure 2.6: Consumption of Natural Gas -- Figure 2.7: Crude Oil Reserves -- Figure 2.8: Production of Crude Oil -- Figure 2.9: Consumption of Crude Oil -- Figure 2.10: Fuel Mix in Electricity Generation in the Region, 2007 -- Figure 2.11: Net Electricity Generation in the Region, 1999 and 2006 -- Figure 2.12 (a): Electricity Consumption (TWh), 1999 -- Figure 2.12 (b): Electricity Consumption (TWh), 2006 -- Figure 2.13: Primary Energy Consumption, 2006 -- Figure 2.14: Fuel Mix in the Region, 2006 -- Figure 2.15: Fuel Mix in Countries in the Region, 2006 -- Figure 2.16: Region's Total Final Energy Consumption by Sector, 2006 -- Figure 2.17: Region's Fuel Mix by Sector, 2006 -- Figure 2.18: Primary Energy Demand, 2006 and 2030 -- Figure 2.19: Projected Fuel Mix in Different Countries, 2030 -- Figure 2.20: Region's Projected Demands by Fuel, 2030 -- Figure 2.21: Projected Fuel Mix in Different Sectors, 2030 -- Figure 2.22: (a) Region's Fuel Mix in Electricity Generation, 2006 -- Figure 2.22: (b) Region's Fuel Mix in Electricity Generation, 2030 -- Figure 2.23: CO[sub(2)] Emissions Projections -- Figure 2.24: Region's CO[sub(2)] Emissions by Fuel, 2006 and 2030 -- Figure 2.25: Range of Projections of Demand for Primary Energy in the People's Republic of China -- Figure 2.26: Range of Projections of Demand for Primary Energy in India -- Figure 2.27: Range of Projections for Demand for Primary Energy in Indonesia -- Figure 3.1: Populations Below International Poverty Lines in Asia, 2003 -- Figure 3.2: Share of Traditional Sources of Energy in Total Energy Consumption, 2005 -- Figure 3.3: Energy Use Per Capita, 2006 -- Figure 3.4: Energy Intensity of Asia and the Pacific.

Figure 3.5: Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Asia, 1980 and 2002 -- Figure 3.6: Human Development Index and Electricity Use in Asia and the Pacific, 1995 and 2002 -- Figure 3.7: Key Energy Security Concerns in Asia and Pacific Countries -- Figure 3.8: Expected Energy Mix, 2025-2030 -- Figure 3.9: Perceived Risks Related to Import of Energy -- Figure 4.1: Energy Pricing's Role in Addressing Energy Security -- Figure 4.2: Potential Measures to Address Energy Security -- Figure 4.3: Urgency of Investment Requirements -- Figure 4.4: Likelihood of Fuel Choices for Electricity Generation in the Future -- Figure 4.5: Barriers to Implementing Policy on Energy Security -- Figure 4.6: Energy-Saving Potential by Sector -- Figure 4.7: Effectiveness of Measures in Addressing Energy Security -- Figure 4.8: Financial Incentives/Disincentives for Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy Promotion -- Figure 4.9: Effectiveness of Measures to Improve Energy Efficiency -- Figure 4.10: Effectiveness of Measures to Improve Renewable Energy Penetration -- Figure 5.1: Capture Processes -- Figure 6.1: WBG Lending to Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency as Percent of Total WBG Lending -- Figure 6.2: WBG-Supported Projects (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency), Fiscal Year 2008 -- Figure 6.3: Lending Instruments for World Bank Support of Energy Projects 1996-2009 -- Figure 6.4: Distribution of World Bank Energy Efficiency Projects in Asia and the Pacific -- Figure 6.5: Distribution of World Bank Financing for Energy Efficiency Projects in Asia and the Pacific -- Figure 6.6: Assessment of CDM Performance -- Figure 6.7: Barriers to Clean Development Mechanism -- Figure 9.1: Financing Structure and Funding Mechanism for Low-Carbon Technologies -- Figure A1a: Stakeholder Mix of Respondents -- Figure A1b: Regional Mix of Respondents -- List of Boxes.

Box 4.1: Biofuel Program in Indonesia -- Box 4.2: Small Power Producer and Very Small Power Producer Scheme, Thailand -- Box 4.3: Solar Housing Complex (Rabirashmi Abasan) in Kolkata, India -- Box 4.4: Energy Conservation Act, 2001 of India -- Box 4.5: Energy Policy Making in the Pacific Developing Member Countries -- Box 4.6: The People's Republic of China's Energy Efficiency Program -- Box 4.7: Bachat Lamp Yojna, India -- Box 4.8: Public-Private Partnership in Transportation: A Case of Bus Rapid Transit in India -- Box 5.1: A New Generation of Very Small, Inexpensive Vehicles -- Box 6.1: Case Study: ReEx Capital Asia -- Box 7.1: Top Runner Program.