Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 What Is a Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situation? -- Fragility and Conflict: Evolving Perspectives -- Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations in Asia and the Pacific -- Fragility Continuum -- 2 Why Do We Need to Work Differently in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations? -- Fragility Matters in Development -- Peace and Political Stability are Prerequisites to Economic Growth -- Knowledge of Local Context Is Essential to Aid Effectiveness -- 3 How Do We Approach Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations? -- Adopting the 2007 ADB Approach to Weakly Performing Countries -- Aligning with the New Deal for International Engagement in Fragile States -- Learning from the World Development Report -- Programmatic and Operational Lessons from Experience -- 4 How Do We Operate in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations? -- Customizing Country Strategy Formulation -- Incorporating Flexibilities During Project Preparation -- Applying a Programmatic Approach in Project Implementation -- 5 Areas for Future Consideration -- Appendixes -- 1 Synopsis of Fragile Situation Guides from Other Multilateral Organizations -- 2 Countries Identified as Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations, 2007-2011 -- 3 Public Sector Reforms in the Pacific -- 4 OECD Principles for Fragile States and Situations -- 5 Peacebuilding Tool for Project Design, Implementation, and Monitoring -- 6 Technical Assistance Capacity Principles Checklist -- 7 Integrating Climate Change in Country Partnership Strategies -- 8 Engaging Civil Society Organizations -- 9 Examples of Some Gender Dimensions in Conflict-Affected States -- 10 Checklist for Developing a Participation Plan -- 11 Political Economy Checklist -- 12 Stages of a Policy Reform Process -- 13 Elements of Risk and Vulnerability -- 14 Tips on Capacity Assessment.