Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Challenges and Issues -- Deployment of Teachers to Rural Schools -- Teacher Utilization -- Teacher Management -- Promising Solutions -- CHAPTER 1. TEACHER DEPLOYMENT, UTILIZATION, AND MANAGEMENT: POLICY AND PRACTICE -- The Problem of Rural Schools -- Getting Teachers to Rural Schools: Deployment Issues -- Teacher Utilization -- Teacher Management -- Summary of Key Issues -- Note -- CHAPTER 2. COUNTRY REPORT: LESOTHO -- Teacher Demand and Supply -- Teacher Deployment -- Teacher Utilization -- Teacher Management -- Summary of Key Issues -- CHAPTER 3. COUNTRY REPORT: MALAWI -- The Teaching Force -- Teacher Recruitment and Deployment -- Teacher Utilization -- Teacher Management -- Summary of Key Issues -- CHAPTER 4. COUNTRY REPORT: MOZAMBIQUE -- Teacher Demand and Supply -- Teacher Deployment -- Teacher Utilization -- Teacher Management -- Summary of Key Issues -- CHAPTER 5. COUNTRY REPORT: TANZANIA -- Key Components of Education Reform -- Teacher Deployment and Utilization -- Teacher Management -- Summary of Key Issues -- CHAPTER 6. COUNTRY REPORT: UGANDA -- Teacher Deployment -- Teacher Utilization -- Teacher Management -- Summary of Key Issues -- References -- Index -- Box 1.1 Example of a Teacher Deployment Dilemma -- Box 1.2 The Challenge of Efficient Utilization in Small Schools -- Figure 1.1 Gross Enrollment Rate in Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1960-2002 -- Figure 2.1 Number of Teachers Recruited Annually, 1985-2004 -- Figure 3.1 Estimated Demand for and Supply of Trained Teachers, 2005-15 -- Figure 4.1 Student Distribution by Level of Education, 1992-99 -- Figure 4.2 Teacher Salaries at the N4 Level, 1992-99 -- Table 1.1 Summary of Rural-Urban Differences in Schooling in Five Countries.

Table 1.2 Teachers and Training in Mozambique, by Province, 2004 -- Table 1.3 School Data in Malawi, by Urban or Rural Location, 2004 -- Table 1.4 School Data for Six Rural Zones in Malawi, 2004 -- Table 1.5 Percentage of Unqualified Teachers in Lesotho, by Gender and Ecological Zone, 2004 -- Table 1.6 Teacher Data for Nine Rural Schools in Lesotho, 2005 -- Table 1.7 Incentives to Encourage Teachers to Move to Rural Areas, 2005 -- Table 2.1 Projected Demand for Teachers in Lesotho, 2005-30 -- Table 2.2 Percentage of Teachers and Pupils Who Are Female, by Location, 2004 -- Table 2.3 Attrition of Primary School Teachers, by Cause and Data Source, 2004 -- Table 2.4 HIV Infection Rates in Lesotho -- Table 2.5 Qualified Teachers, 1999-2003 -- Table 2.6 Size of Primary Schools, by District, 2004 -- Table 2.7 Percentage of Unqualified Teachers, by Gender and Location, 2004 -- Table 2.8 Teacher Supply in Nine Rural Schools, 2004 -- Table 2.9 Percentage of Repeaters, by Gender and Location, 2004 -- Table 2.10 Test Scores for Lesotho, by Location, 2001 -- Table 2.11 Annual Salaries for Primary School Teachers, 2005 -- Table 2.12 National Expenditure on Education, 2004 -- Table 2.13 Composition of Management and Advisory School Committees -- Table 3.1 Projected Demand for Teachers in Malawi, 2004-15 -- Table 3.2 Teachers' Level of Educational Attainment, 2004 -- Table 3.3 Teachers Qualified under the Malawi Integrated In-service Teacher Education Programme -- Table 3.4 Number and Training of Qualified Teachers, 2004 -- Table 3.5 Estimated Supply of Trained Teachers, 2004-10 -- Table 3.6 Teacher Attrition, 2004 -- Table 3.7 Teacher Death Rate, 1995-2004 -- Table 3.8 Teaching Posts and Training, 2000-04 -- Table 3.9 Estimated Supply of Trained Teachers, 2005-15 -- Table 3.10 Estimated Supply of and Demand for Qualified Teachers, 2005-15.

Table 3.11 Teacher Salaries (Annual) by Pay Grade, 2005 -- Table 3.12 Breakdown of Teachers by Grade, 2004 -- Table 3.13 Teacher Salaries and the National Budget, 2005 -- Table 3.14 Schools, Teachers, and Pupil-Teacher Ratios, by Location, 2004 -- Table 3.15 Location of Teachers, by Level of Education, 2004 -- Table 3.16 Gender of Teachers, by Location, 2004 -- Table 3.17 Differences in Characteristics among Select Rural Zones, 2004 -- Table 3.18 Main Languages of Malawi -- Table 3.19 Double- and Single-Shift School Sessions, 2004 -- Table 4.1 Gross and Net Enrollment Rates at EP1 in Mozambique, by Province, 2004 -- Table 4.2 Three Scenarios for Teacher Demand at EP1, 2005-15 -- Table 4.3 Training Status of EP1 Teachers, 2004 -- Table 4.4 Teacher Training Intakes, 2004 -- Table 4.5 Teacher Deaths in Service, 2000-04 -- Table 4.6 Salary Levels by Qualification and Assignment, 2005 -- Table 4.7 Teacher Salaries at Levels N3-N5, 2004 -- Table 4.8 National Expenditure on Education, 2004 -- Table 4.9 Incentive Payment for Teachers, by Location, 2005 -- Table 4.10 Monthly Income of Teachers, by Qualification, Location of School, and School Schedule -- Table 4.11 Trained and Untrained EP1 Teachers, 2004 -- Table 4.12 Pupil-Teacher Ratio and Pupil-Qualified Teacher Ratio, by Province, 2004 -- Table 4.13 Grades 1 and 2 Completion and Survival, by Province, 2004 -- Table 4.14 Student Achievement in Reading and Mathematics, by Location -- Table 4.15 Student Achievement, by Location and Teacher Characteristics -- Table 4.16 Primary Enrollment by Grade and Class, 2004 -- Table 4.17 Primary Enrollment by Province and Class Structure, 2004 -- Table 4.18 Teachers' Disciplinary Records, 1999-2004 -- Table 5.1 Breakdown of School Population and Staffing in Tanzania by Gender and Region, 2004.

Table 5.2 Teachers Being Upgraded in Qualification in Three Regions, by Gender and Location, 2005 -- Table 5.3 Distribution of Primary School Teachers in Three Regions, by Gender and Location, 2005 -- Table 5.4 Calculation of Number of Teachers Required, 2005 and 2010 -- Table 5.5 Housing for Teachers, by Region, 2005 -- Table 5.6 Housing for Teachers in Rural and Urban Schools, by Region, 2005 -- Table 6.1 Enrollment, Pupil-Teacher Ratio, and Teacher Demand in Uganda, 2005 -- Table 6.2 Projected Supply of Teachers, 2004-15 -- Table 6.3 Student Achievement in English, Mathematics, and Physics, 2001-04 -- Table 6.4 Outputs of Primary Teacher Colleges, 1989 and 1995-2002.