Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) -- Overview -- Part I Monitoring Progress -- 1 Charting and Sustaining Progress in Income Poverty Reduction -- 2 Managing Money for Human Development Results -- 3 Delivering on Commitments for Aid, Debt Relief, and Trade -- 4 Strengthening the Performance of International Financial Institutions -- Part II Governance as Part of Global Monitoring -- 5 Monitoring Developing-Country Governance -- 6 Monitoring and Improving Governance Subsystems -- 7 Strengthening Global Checks and Balances -- References -- Statistical Annex -- Boxes -- Millennium Development Goals -- 1 Global Monitoring Report 2006: six key messages -- 1.1 Lagging regions in middle-income countries and progress toward the MDGs -- 1.2 Beyond improved investment climates and infrastructure -- 1.3 Improving the investment climate in South Africa -- 1.4 The monitoring dilemma: matching the story of suppliers with the story of users -- 1.5 Small-scale private service providers -- 1.6 Building creditworthy borrowers -- 2.1 Education for All Fast-Track Initiative -- 2.2 Jump-starting progress on primary completion in Niger -- 2.3 China's slow progress on child mortality -- 2.4 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization -- 2.5 A new global partnership for the health of mothers, newborns, and children -- 2.6 HIV prevention works when it is intensive and sustained -- 2.7 Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria -- 3.1 Africa Action Plan: an opportunity to coordinate aid flows to Africa -- 3.2 Measuring the "quality of aid" -- 3.3 Macroeconomic management of surges in aid -- 3.4 The MDRI and "free-riding" risks -- 3.5 Estimating the impacts of global trade liberalization -- 3.6 Africa and trade reform.

4.1 The importance of governance in performance-based allocation formulas -- 4.2 Conditions for evidence-based policy: lessons from the PRS experience -- 4.3 Independent quality review of analytical and advisory activities at the World Bank -- 4.4 Third roundtable on managing for development results -- 4.5 Independent evaluation at the IFIs -- 4.6 Safeguards assessments by the IMF -- 5.1 Governance and corruption are not the same thing -- 5.2 The 2004 CPIA's 16 criteria -- 5.3 Three aggregate governance Doing Business and Investment Climate Survey indicators -- 6.1 Two IMF tools to support fiscal management and transparency -- 6.2 Recent advances in monitoring the quality of procurement -- 6.3 Actionable indicators on public administrative quality -- 6.4 Albania-administrative reform in an unpropitious environment -- 6.5 Why stand-alone investment projects can be bad for governance -- 6.6 Linking community-based resource transfers and decentralization in Indonesia -- 6.7 How media access can influence development outcomes -- 6.8 The Poverty Reduction Strategy process in Rwanda and Vietnam -- 6.9 The Global Integrity Index as a tool for governance monitoring -- 6.10 Strengthening justice-three initial lessons -- 6.11 Legislative oversight in Africa-a work in progress -- 7.1 Kickbacks under the United Nations Oil-for-Food Program -- 7.2 The Dominican Republic-AML in support of anticorruption -- 7.3 Four pillars of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption -- 7.4 International asset recovery-a complicated exercise -- 7.5 Civil versus criminal law pursuits of corruption -- 7.6 The African Peer Review Mechanism -- 7.7 Improving governance in resource-rich countries -- Figures -- 1 Poverty headcount by region, 1990-2002, and forecasts to 2015 -- 2 Annual reduction in child mortality, 1997-2004 -- 3 ODA increases concentrated in a few countries.

4 National governance system -- 5 Net change in HIPC indicator tracking scores, 2001-4 -- 6 Measuring statistical capacity in IBRD, IDA, and IDA-Africa, 1999-2005 -- 7 Governance turnarounds: three trajectories -- 1.1 Progress toward the Poverty MDG Target, 1990-2002, and a forecast for 2015 -- 1.2 Evolution of investment climate indicators in Europe and Central Asia, 2002 and 2005 -- 1.3 Doing Business reform intensity in 2004 by region -- 1.4 The informal sector and the ease of doing business in 2004 -- 1.5 Progress in household access to infrastructure, 1995-2004 -- 1.6 Access to water, by water source -- 1.7 Primary deficit and public infrastructure investment, Latin America, 1980-2000 -- 1.8 Access to various forms of sanitation -- 2.1 Development assistance for education and health -- 2.2 Developing-country spending on education and health -- 2.3 Share of total government spending for education and health, by region -- 2.4 Education unit costs in best-performing developing countries, 1999-2002 -- 2.5 Share of bilateral education ODA commitments reported as at least half technical assistance -- 2.6 ODA disbursements for education and health -- 2.7 Annual reductions in child mortality (number of child deaths per 1,000 live births) -- 2.8 Delivery of immunizations -- 2.9 Share of 15-19-year-olds who have completed primary school -- 3.1 DAC members' net ODA, 1990-2005, and prospects for 2006 and 2010 -- 3.2 ODA increases concentrated in a few countries -- 3.3 Acceleration in ODA needed to meet commitments -- 3.4 Indicators of progress: gaps between baselines (preliminary) and targets -- 3.5 Satisfaction improving with donor practices, 2003-5 -- 3.6 Strengthening trend in donors' poverty and policy focus -- 3.7 Lower debt service, higher poverty-reducing expenditures, 1999-2006 -- 3.8 Impact of MDRI on debt ratios in HIPC.

3.9 High-income countries' OTRI, overall and toward low-income countries, 2005 -- A3.1 OECD restrictiveness remains high for low-income countries, 2005 -- A3.2 Changes in OECD OTRI between 2002 and 2005: as tariffs fall, non-tariff policies become more important -- 4.1 Gross disbursements by MDBs, 1999-2005 -- 4.2 Trends in IDA investment and development policy lending, 1998-2005 -- 4.3 Policy and poverty selectivity in 2003 and 2004 -- 4.4 Evaluation and the results chain -- II.1 Governance and growth, 1982-2002 -- 5.1 National governance systems: actors and accountabilities -- 5.2 Administrative corruption in Europe and Central Asia -- 5.3 Corruption in specific sectors in Europe and Central Asia, 2002-5 -- 6.1 Public financial management: a performance monitoring framework -- 6.2 Low-income aid recipient countries with CPIA 13 (quality of budgetary and financial management) scores, 2004 -- 6.3 Cambodia: A platform approach to budget management reforms -- 6.4 Low-income aid recipient countries with CPIA 15 (quality of public administration) scores, 2004 -- 6.5 Perceptions of service delivery performance in nine Bangalore agencies, 1994-2003 -- 6.6 A constellation of checks and balances institutions -- 6.7 The virtuous circle of transparency: from disclosure to responsiveness -- 6.8 Measuring country statistical capacity: IBRD, IDA, and IDA-Africa, 1999-2005 -- 6.9 Governance turnarounds: three trajectories -- Tables -- 1.1 Per capita GDP growth in low- and middle-income countries (by region) -- 1.2 Macroeconomic indicators for low- and middle-income countries (by region) -- 1.3 Quality of macroeconomic policies in low-income countries, 2005 Share of countries falling into each category -- 1.4 Global economic environment and developing countries.

1.5 Percentage of households with access to basic infrastructure services, quintile comparison (2000-4, latest observations available) -- 1.6 Percentage of households with access to basic infrastructure services, urban-rural comparison (2000-4, latest observations available) -- 2.1 Sharp increases in child survival for some countries -- 2.2 Skilled attendants at delivery, by region, 1990 to 2003 -- 3.1 Composition of net ODA: less reliance by donors on special-purpose grants in 2004 -- 3.2 Country-level progress on selected harmonization and alignment actions -- 3.3 Key features of the MDRI by institution -- 3.4 Indicative donor commitments to IDA and AfDF over the next decade (Baseline: constant regular donor contributions in real terms-US billions) -- 3.5 Developing-country OTRI by geographic region and changes, 2002-5 -- A3.1 New regional and multilateral trade agreements, 2004-5 -- A4.1 COMPAS master matrix of categories and indicators -- 5.1 Nodes of transparency in national governance systems -- 5.2 2004 country scores for the CPIA public institutions cluster -- 5.3 Intermediate outcomes-corruption versus policy -- 5.4 Governance monitoring indicators -- 6.1 Quality of budget management systems in 25 heavily indebted poor countries, 2004 -- 6.2 Participation in the PRS, 2005 -- 6.3 KK voice and accountability 2004, 66 low-income countries -- 6.4 Global Integrity Index-transparency and civic participation (by group) -- 6.5 The quality of some attributes of the justice system in 25 countries (by group) -- 6.6 The quality of some direct oversight institutions in 25 countries (by group) -- 6.7 State capacity and state accountability -- A7.1 Global checks and balances: international legal initiatives -- A7.2 Global checks and balances: anticorruption treaties -- A7.3 Global checks and balances: international transparency initiatives.