Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Agriculture and Rural Development -- Preface -- What is not Covered -- The Sourcebook as a Living Document -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- PART 1 Sustainable Land Management: Challenges and Opportunities -- CHAPTER 1 Overview -- Introduction -- Structure of the Sourcebook and Guide for Users -- The Need for Sustainable Land Management -- Definition of Sustainable Land Management -- Drivers and Impacts of Global Change -- Food Production -- Freshwater Resources -- Forest Resources -- Regional Climate and Air Quality -- Infectious Diseases -- Production Landscapes: The Context for Land Management -- Land Management Trade-Offs -- Confronting the Effects of Land Use -- Selecting and Using Appropriate Indicators for SLM and Landscape Resilience -- Diversity of Land Management Systems and Poverty Alleviation -- Overview of Farming Systems as a Baseline for Targeting Investments -- Principles for Sustainable Land Management in Rainfed Farming Systems -- Future Directions for Investments -- References -- PART 2 Major Farming Systems: Investment Options and Innovations -- CHAPTER 2 Introduction -- Introduction -- Reference -- CHAPTER 3 Rainfed Farming and Land Management Systems in Humid Areas -- Overview -- Potentials for Poverty Reduction and Agricultural Growth -- Reference -- Investment Note 3.1: Science and Local Innovation Make Livestock More Profitable and Friendlier to the Environment in Central America -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Lessons Learned -- Matching -- Diagnosis -- Fostering -- Sharing and Scaling -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management: Products and Services -- Rationale for Investment -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- Note -- References -- Selected Readings -- Web Resources.

Investment Note 3.2: An Approach to Sustainable Land Management by Enhancing the Productive Capacity of African Farms: The Case of the Underused and Versatile Soybean -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Lessons Learned -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management -- Rationale for Investment -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- References -- Web Resources -- Investment Note 3.3: Balancing Rainforest Conservation and Poverty Reduction -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Integrated Natural Resources Management Approach -- Key Drivers for Degradation Dynamics: The ASB Matrix-Lining Up the Facts -- Lessons Learned -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management: Products and Services -- Rationale for Investment -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- References -- Selected Readings -- Web Resources -- Investment Note 3.4: Groundwater Declines and Land Use: Looking for the Right Solutions -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Trends in Resource Use -- Key Drivers for Degradation Dynamics: The Policy-Water Use Nexus -- Opportunities for both Water and Land Management: a Selection of Possible Answers -- Rationale for Investment -- Lessons Learned -- Investment Needs and Priorities -- References -- Selected Readings -- Web Resources -- Investment Note 3.5: Environmental Services Payments and Markets: A Basis for Sustainable Land Resource Management? -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Lessons Learned -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- Note -- References -- Selected Readings -- Web Resources -- Innovative Activity Profile 3.1: Species Diversity in Fallow Lands of Southern Cameroon: Implications for Management of Constructed Landscapes -- Introduction -- Description of Forest Fallow Management Innovation -- Effects on Vegetation Community and Biodiversity.

Patterns of Variation in Species Composition Among Fallow Types -- Lessons Learned -- References -- Selected Readings -- Innovative Activity Profile 3.2: Domestication and Commercialization of Forest Tree Crops in the Tropics -- Introduction -- Tree Domestication Innovation -- Benefits of Activity and its Implications for Sustainable Land Management -- Lessons Learned and Issues for Scaling Up Tree Domestication -- Investment Needs, Priorities, and Scaling Up -- Policy Considerations -- References -- Web Resources -- Innovative Activity Profile 3.3: Avoided Deforestation with Sustainable Benefits: Reducing Carbon Emissions from Deforestation and Land Degradation -- Project Objective and Description -- Presentation of Innovation: The ASB Option -- Benefits and Effect of Activity -- Lessons Learned and Issues for Wider Application -- Note -- Reference -- Selected Readings -- Web Resources -- Innovative Activity Profile 3.4: On-Farm Integration of Freshwater Agriculture and Aquaculture in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam: The Role of the Pond and Its Effect on Livelihoods of Resource-Poor Farmers -- Introduction -- Project Description -- Presentation of Innovation: Adoption of Aquaculture Practices -- On-Farm Resource Flows and the Role of the Pond -- Benefits of IAA and Its Implications for Sustainable Land Management -- Lessons Learned and Issues for Wider Applicability -- Investment Needs and Priorities -- References -- Selected Reading -- CHAPTER 4 Rainfed Farming Systems in Highlands and Sloping Areas -- Overview -- Potentials for Poverty Reduction and Agricultural Growth -- Investment Note 4.1: No-Burn Agricultural Zones on Honduran Hillsides: Better Harvests, Air Quality, and Water Availability by Way of Improved Land Management -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Building on Lessons Learned -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management.

Rationale for Investment -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- Note -- References -- Selected Reading -- Web Resources -- Investment Note 4.2: Beans: Good Nutrition, Money, and Better Land Management-Appropriate for Scaling Up in Africa? -- Characteristics of Key Sustainable Land Management Issue -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Lessons Learned -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management -- Rationale for Investment -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- References -- Selected Reading -- Web Resources -- Innovative Activity Profile 4.1: Fodder Shrubs for Improving Livestock Productivity and Sustainable Land Management in East Africa -- Project Objective -- Study Area Description -- Presentation of Innovation -- Benefits and Effect of the Activity -- Lessons Learned -- Issues for Wider Application -- Note -- References -- Suggested Reading -- CHAPTER 5 Rainfed Dry and Cold Farming Systems -- Overview -- Potentials for Poverty Reduction and Agricultural Growth -- Investment Note 5.1: Integrating Land and Water Management in Smallholder Livestock Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Livestock Water and Nutrient Interactions: Implications for Sustainable Land Management -- Lessons Learned -- Opportunities for Scaling Up Livestock Systems Using Integrated Land and Natural Resource Approaches -- Recommendations for Practitioners and Policy Makers -- Investment Needs -- Note -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Investment Note 5.2: Integrated Nutrient Management in the Semiarid Tropics -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Lessons Learned -- Biological Nitrogen Fixation -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management: Products and Services -- Rationale for Investment -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- Investment Needs by Local and National Governments or other Donors.

Policy Recommendations -- References -- Investment Note 5.3: Integrated Natural Resource Management for Enhanced Watershed Function and Improved Livelihoods -- Introduction -- Presentation of Innovation -- Benefits and Results of the Activity -- Increasing Crop Productivity -- Improving Water Availability -- Conserving Biodiversity -- Promoting Natural Resource Management at the Landscape Level -- Enhancing Partnerships and Institutional Innovations -- Lessons Learned and Scaling Up -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- Investment Needs -- Policy and Financial Incentives -- Note -- References -- Investment Note 5.4: Enhancing Mobility of Pastoral Systems in Arid and Semiarid Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa to Combat Desertification -- Introduction -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Trends of Resource Use -- Key Drivers -- Lessons Learned -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management -- Rationale for Investments -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- Broad-Based Consultations and Partnerships -- Research -- Incentive Policies -- Resource Access Policies -- Infrastructure -- Services -- Note -- References -- Selected Readings -- Web Resources -- Investment Note 5.5: Sustainable Land Management in Marginal Dry Areas of the Middle East and North Africa: An Integrated Natural Resource Management -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues -- Lessons Learned -- Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management: Products and Services -- Rationale for Investment -- Recommendations for Practitioners -- Multilevel Analytical Framework -- References -- Selected Reading -- Web Resources -- Investment Note 5.6: Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies in Sustainable Land Management Approaches to Combat the Impacts of Climate Change -- Introduction -- Key Sustainable Land Management Issues: Soil and Water Management -- Lessons Learned.

Opportunities for Sustainable Land Management.