Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Men and Women in Bolivia's Informal Sector -- Trends in Informality and Female Employment -- Factors Shaping Gender Labor Force Trends: Domestic Pressures, Education, Regulation -- Ethnicity, Education, and Informality: Compound Effects -- Why Gender Matters in the Bolivian Labor Market -- Gender, Formality, and Profitability -- Gender-Based Differences in the Formality of Businesses -- Gender-Based Differences in Profitability -- Why Female-Owned Firms Are More Informal and Less Profitable -- Conclusions on Gender-Based Differences in Formality and Profitability -- Gender-Specific Constraints to Productivity -- Male and Female Views on Productivity Constraints -- Gender-Based Constraints in Access to Productive Assets -- Market and Home-Based Constraints to Women's Economic Productivity -- Implications of Policies to Increase the Formalization and Productivity of Female Owners of Small and Micro Firms -- Promoting Women's Access to Productive Assets -- Providing an Enabling Environment for Women's Entrepreneurship -- References -- Appendixes -- Appendix 1. Estimation Methods -- Appendix 2. Do the Factors That Affect Formality Vary by Gender? -- Appendix 3. Does the Impact of a NIT (and Other Factors) on Profits Vary by Gender? -- Appendix 4. Interest Rates for Microcredit Institutions in Latin America (June 2005) -- Appendix 5. Mutually Reinforcing Constraints on Female Micro Enterprises -- Back cover.