Cover -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ACRONYMS -- Chapter One INTRODUCTION -- STUDY TASK AND PURPOSE -- HOW THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED -- LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY APPROACH -- DEFINITIONS -- SCOPE OF STUDY -- ABOUT THIS REPORT -- Chapter Two OVERVIEW OF THE EMERGENCY RESPONDER COMMUNITY -- SERVICES IN THE EMERGENCY RESPONDER COMMUNITY -- The Fire Service -- The Emergency Medical Service -- Law Enforcement -- Summary -- EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES -- Fire and Emergency Medical Service -- Law Enforcement -- EMERGENCY RESPONDER INJURIES AND FATALITIES -- Firefighters -- Emergency Medical Responders -- Law Enforcement -- SUMMARY -- Chapter Three PROTECTING FIREFIGHTERS -- IMPROVING STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTING ENSEMBLES -- Ensuring Component Integration and Compatibility -- Improving Gloves and Footwear -- Improving Gear Integrity and Maintainability -- REDUCING PHYSICAL STRESS -- Improving Heat and Moisture Dissipation of Turnout Gear -- Reducing Personal Protective Technology Weight -- Does Encapsulation Increase the Risk of Injury? -- IMPROVING RESPIRATORY PROTECTION -- Improving SCBA Air Supply and Monitoring -- Expanding Options for Respiratory Protection -- IMPROVING COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITIES -- IMPROVING PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY -- Chapter Four PROTECTING EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE RESPONDERS -- LACK OF SPECIALIZED PERSONAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE RESPONDERS -- HAZARDS AND TECHNOLOGY PRIORITIES FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL PERSONNEL -- Protecting Against Pathogens -- Addressing Increasing Concerns About Assaults -- Seeking Greater Protection from Weapons of Mass Destruction and Chemical Threats -- Chapter Five PROTECTING LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONDERS -- CHALLENGES OF PROTECTING LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONDERS IN THE LINE OF DUTY.

HAZARDS AND TECHNOLOGY PRIORITIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONDERS -- Protecting Against Assault -- Preventing Automobile Injuries -- Protecting Against Pathogens -- CONVENTIONAL HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE PROTECTION -- Chapter Six PROTECTING HAZMAT AND ANTI-TERRORISM RESPONDERS -- CONVENTIONAL HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESPONSE PROTECTION -- TERRORISM PROTECTION -- Shortcomings with Conventional PPT -- Chemical Protection Needs of Front-Line Responders -- Uncertainties Surrounding Chemical Protection -- Chemical Protection Challenges and Alternatives -- Chapter Seven SYSTEMS-LEVEL PROTECTION ISSUES -- COMMUNICATIONS -- Tactical Communications -- Strategic Communications -- HAZARD ASSESSMENT -- Hazard Information -- Environmental Monitoring Equipment -- LOCATION TRACKING -- HUMAN FACTORS -- Knowledge Management -- Safety Practices and Enforcement -- Tradition and Organizational Culture -- Chapter Eight PROCUREMENT AND LOGISTICS -- THE ACQUISITIONS PROCESS -- Risk Assessment -- Personal Protective Technology Identification and Evaluation -- STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION -- LOGISTICS -- Storage, Transportation, and Outfitting -- Maintenance and Reliability -- RISK-SPECIFIC VERSUS UNIVERSAL EQUIPMENT -- MUTUAL AID AND INTEROPERABILITY -- Chapter Nine PUTTING COMMUNITY VIEWS TO WORK -- COMMUNITY PRIORITIES -- Reducing Physical Stress and Improving Comfort -- Improving Communications -- Upgrading Communicable Disease Protection -- Developing Practical Respiratory and Chemical Protection Equipment and Guidelines for First Responders -- Improving Personal Protective Technology Standby Performance -- Expanding Training and Education -- Benchmarking Best Safety Practices -- POLICY ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE -- Personal Protective Technology Research and Development -- Discretion in Personal Protection Decisionmaking.

Personal Protective Technology Standards for the Emergency Medical and Law Enforcement Services -- Personal Protective Technology Performance Assessment -- Personal Protective Technology Standardization and Interoperability -- The Role Risk Plays in Emergency Response -- Appendix A DISCUSSION PARTICIPANTS -- Appendix B DISCUSSION PROTOCOL -- REFERENCES.