Global Food Legislation -- Contents -- Preface -- Notes on Contributors -- Chapter 1 Argentina -- 1.1 Legal Framework -- 1.1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.2 Argentina in the MERCOSUR -- 1.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures -- 1.2.1 Introduction -- 1.2.2 Food Processing Plants -- 1.2.3 Food Products -- 1.3 Basic Principles of Food Law -- 1.3.1 Positive Regulation -- 1.3.2 Traceability -- 1.3.3 Precautionary Principle -- 1.3.4 Responsibility Principle -- 1.4 Overview of Selected Regulation Areas -- 1.4.1 Mandatory Nutritional Labeling -- 1.4.2 Complementary Nutritional Labeling -- 1.4.3 Food Hygiene and Safety -- 1.4.4 Food Additives, Flavors, Enzymes, and Vitamins -- 1.4.5 Food Packaging -- 1.4.6 Genetically Modified and Novel Food -- 1.4.7 Import/Export Regulations -- 1.5 Accountability Regulations -- 1.6 Current Topics - Special Topics and Challenges -- 1.6.1 General Situation -- 1.6.2 Developments and Perspectives -- Appendix 1.A: Internet Sources -- Appendix 1.B: Abbreviations -- Chapter 2 Brazil -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Legal Framework -- 2.3 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures -- 2.3.1 Competent Authorities for Food Regulation and Inspection Among the Authorities Responsible for Public Health -- 2.3.1.1 Federal Authorities -- 2.3.1.2 Local Authorities -- 2.3.2 Tasks of the Ministry of Agriculture -- 2.4 Basic Principles of Food Law -- 2.4.1 Food Registration -- 2.4.1.1 Registration with Anvisa -- 2.4.1.2 Information to the Health Authorities Prior to Manufacture -- 2.4.2 Traceability -- 2.4.3 Precautionary Principle -- 2.5 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas -- 2.5.1 Food Hygiene -- 2.5.2 Rules Applicable to Genetically Modified Food -- 2.5.3 Rules Applicable to Packaging -- 2.5.4 Rules Applicable to Labeling -- 2.5.5 Food Additives -- 2.5.6 Importation of Food.

2.6 Accountability Regulations -- 2.6.1 Strict Product Liability -- 2.6.2 Tort Liability -- 2.6.3 Criminal Liability -- 2.7 Current Topics -- 2.7.1 Anvisa's Regulatory Power Being Criticized -- 2.7.2 Restrictions for the Acquisition by Foreigners of Rural Land in Brazil -- Appendix 2.A: Internet Sources -- Appendix 2.B: Abbreviations -- Chapter 3 Canada -- 3.1 Legal Framework -- 3.1.1 Division of Powers Overview -- 3.1.2 Federal Jurisdiction -- 3.1.3 Provincial Jurisdiction -- 3.1.4 Municipal Jurisdiction -- 3.2 Key Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures -- 3.2.1 Key Federal Departments and Agencies -- 3.2.1.1 Health Canada -- 3.2.1.2 Canadian Food Inspection Agency -- 3.2.1.3 Public Health Agency of Canada -- 3.2.1.4 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and the Department of Fisheries -- 3.2.1.5 Food Marketing Agencies -- 3.2.1.6 Advertising Standards Canada -- 3.2.2 Provincial Agencies -- 3.3 Basic Principles of Food Law -- 3.4 Overview of Selected Areas of Regulation -- 3.4.1 Food Labeling and Advertising -- 3.4.1.1 Food Labeling Requirements -- 3.4.1.2 Food Advertising Regulations -- 3.4.2 Food Safety -- 3.4.2.1 Federal Legislation Establishing Food Safety Standards -- 3.4.2.2 Regulation of Veterinary Drugs, Feeds, Pesticides, and Fertilizers -- 3.4.2.3 Federal Inspections and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points Based Programs -- 3.4.3 Food Additives, Food Supplements, and Food Fortification -- 3.4.3.1 Food Additives -- 3.4.3.2 Food Fortification -- 3.4.3.3 Food Supplements -- 3.4.4 Novel Foods and Genetically Modified/Engineered Foods -- 3.4.4.1 Pre-Market Notification -- 3.4.4.2 Genetically Modified Foods -- 3.4.5 Import and Export Regulations -- 3.5 Liability -- 3.5.1 Regulatory Liability - Civil and Criminal -- 3.5.1.1 Fines and Monetary Penalties.

3.5.1.2 Search, Seizures, and Food Recalls -- 3.5.2 Tort Liability -- 3.6 Current Topics -- 3.6.1 Specialized Conventional Foods -- 3.6.2 Relationship between Foods, Drugs, and Natural Health Products -- 3.6.3 Performance and Health-Related Claims for Food -- 3.6.4 Sodium Reduction Initiative -- Appendix 3.A: Internet Sources -- Appendix 3.B: Abbreviations -- Chapter 4 China -- 4.1 Evolution of Food Safety Law and Current Legal Framework -- 4.1.1 Evolution of Food Safety Law: From Food Hygiene to Food Safety -- 4.1.2 Current Legal Framework -- 4.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures -- 4.3 Main Systems of Food Law -- 4.3.1 Unifying National Food Safety Standards -- 4.3.2 Role of Voluntary Standards -- 4.3.3 Traceability -- 4.3.4 System on Monitoring and Assessment of Food Safety Risks -- 4.3.4.1 Monitoring -- 4.3.4.2 Assessment of Food Safety Risks -- 4.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas -- 4.4.1 Food Labeling Standards -- 4.4.1.1 Nutrition Facts and Health Claims -- 4.4.1.2 Food Additives -- 4.4.2 Enforcement Rules of Labeling Standards -- 4.4.3 Genetically Modified Food and Novel Food -- 4.4.3.1 Historical and Current Status of Genetically Modified Food in China -- 4.4.3.2 Regulations on the Safety of Genetically Modified Food -- 4.4.4 Import/Export Regulations -- 4.5 Accountability Regulations -- 4.5.1 Administrative Responsibility -- 4.5.2 Civil Liability -- 4.5.3 Criminal Liability -- 4.6 Current Topics and Challenges -- 4.6.1 Safety versus Security -- 4.6.2 Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products Faces Numerous Challenges -- 4.6.2.1 Environmental Pollution is Affecting the Safety of Agricultural Products -- 4.6.2.2 Rampant Abuse of Agricultural Chemicals and Veterinary Drugs -- 4.6.3 Consumers Have Lost Trust in the Safety of Their Food.

4.6.4 Set Up an Efficient Implementation and Supervision Scheme -- 4.7 Conclusions -- Appendix 4.A: Internet Sources -- Food Safety Authorities -- Appendix 4.B: Abbreviations -- Chapter 5 European Union -- 5.1 Legal Framework -- 5.1.1 Historical Background -- 5.1.2 Impact of the European Court of Justice Judgment ``Cassis de Dijon'' on Food Law -- 5.1.3 Legislative Competences -- 5.1.3.1 Legal Harmonization in the Internal Market -- 5.1.3.2 Agricultural Policy -- 5.1.3.3 Public Health -- 5.1.3.4 Consumer Protection -- 5.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures -- 5.2.1 Enforcement of Food Law -- 5.2.2 Food and Veterinary Office: Control of Implementation of EU Food Law -- 5.2.3 EFSA: Risk Analysis -- 5.2.4 Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed: Warning System -- 5.3 Basic Principles of Food Law -- 5.3.1 ``From Stable to Table'' -- 5.3.2 Risk Analysis -- 5.3.3 Food Traceability -- 5.3.4 Responsibility of Food Manufacturers -- 5.3.5 Precautionary Principle -- 5.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas -- 5.4.1 Food Labeling -- 5.4.1.1 New Food Information Regulation -- 5.4.1.2 Nutrition and Health Claims -- 5.4.1.3 Quality Descriptions and Protected Designations -- 5.4.2 Hygiene -- 5.4.2.1 General Rules for Food Hygiene -- 5.4.2.2 Specific Hygiene Rules for Food of Animal Origin -- 5.4.3 Food Additives -- 5.4.3.1 Definition -- 5.4.3.2 EU List -- 5.4.3.3 Labeling -- 5.4.4 Food Flavorings, Enzymes, and Vitamins -- 5.4.5 Genetically Modified Food -- 5.4.6 Novel Food -- 5.5 Accountability Regulations -- 5.6 Current Topics -- Appendix 5.A: Internet Sources -- Appendix 5.B: Abbreviations -- Chapter 6 Japan -- 6.1 Legal Framework -- 6.2 Food Authorities -- 6.2.1 Organizational Structure of Food Safety Authorities -- 6.2.2 Food Safety Commission -- 6.2.3 Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.

6.2.4 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries -- 6.2.5 Consumer Affairs Agency -- 6.3 Basic Principles of Food Law -- 6.3.1 General Aims of Food Law and Definition of Food -- 6.3.2 Consumers as Primary Target for Protection -- 6.3.3 Appropriate Measures at Each Stage of the Food Supply Process (``from Farms to Tables'') -- 6.3.4 Risk Analysis -- 6.3.5 No (Express) Precautionary Principle -- 6.3.6 Limited Traceability -- 6.3.7 Responsibility of Food-Related Business Operators -- 6.4 Overview on Selected Regulation Areas -- 6.4.1 Labeling, Nutrition Facts, and Health Claims -- 6.4.1.1 General -- 6.4.1.2 Labeling to Ensure Food Safety -- 6.4.1.3 Quality Labeling -- 6.4.1.4 Nutrition Data and Health Claims -- 6.4.1.5 Other Labeling Requirements -- 6.4.2 Food Hygiene -- 6.4.3 Additives -- 6.4.4 Genetically Modified Food -- 6.4.5 Import Regulations -- 6.5 Accountability Regulations -- 6.5.1 General -- 6.5.2 Administrative Measures -- 6.5.3 Criminal Liability -- 6.5.4 Civil Liability -- 6.5.4.1 Consumer Protection Laws -- 6.5.4.2 Product Liability -- 6.6 Current Topics -- 6.6.1 Radioactive Contamination of Food -- 6.6.2 Revision of Measures against BSE -- 6.6.2.1 National Measures -- 6.6.2.2 Import of Beef and Cattle -- Appendix 6.A: Internet Sources -- Appendix 6.B: Abbreviations -- Chapter 7 Republic of Korea -- 7.1 Legal Framework -- 7.1.1 Brief Introduction to the Legal System of Korea -- 7.1.2 Division of Powers Overview -- 7.1.2.1 The Constitution -- 7.1.2.2 Acts, Emergency Orders, and Emergency Financial and Economic Actions -- 7.1.2.3 International Treaties and Rules of International Law -- 7.1.2.4 Orders -- 7.1.2.5 Administrative Rule -- 7.1.2.6 Local Laws and Regulations (Ordinances, Rules) -- 7.1.3 Sources of Food Law -- 7.2 Food Safety Authorities and Enforcement Procedures.

7.3 Basic Principles of Food Law.