Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1. Chlamydia Infection and Epidemiology -- Introduction -- Human Chlamydial Infection: Common Themes -- Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections Causing Trachoma -- Sexually Transmitted Chlamydia Trachomatis Genital Infections -- Relationships Among C. Trachomatis Serovars, Disease Manifestations, and Tissue Tropism -- C. Pneumoniae Infections -- Current and Future Challenges -- References -- 2. Deep and Wide: Comparative Genomics of Chlamydia -- Introduction -- The Pangenome of The Chlamydiaceae -- The Chlamydial Plasticity Zone -- C. Pneumoniae as a Former Zoonotic Pathogen: The Case for Sequencing Widely -- Animal Chlamydia spp. are Underrepresented -- Chlamydia Trachomatis--- More, More, More -- Beyond Representative Genomes--What's Next? -- References -- 3. Lessons from Environmental Chlamydiae -- Prologue -- The Unexpected Diversity of Chlamydiae -- The Broad Host Range of Environmental Chlamydiae -- The Developmental Cycle of Environmental Chlamydiae -- Host Cell Interactions -- Environmental Chlamydiae and Pathogenicity -- Genomics and Beyond -- Future Lessons from Environmental Chlamydiae -- References -- 4. The Chlamydial Cell Envelope -- Introduction -- Composition of The Chlamydial Surface -- Changes in The Chlamydial Surface During The Developmental Cycle -- Summary -- Conclusion and Future Perspectives: Dissecting Chlamydial Surfaces in The Emerging Era of Chlamydial Genetics -- References -- 5. Chlamydial Adhesion and Adhesins -- Introduction -- Glycosaminoglycans as Ligands for Chlamydial Adhesion to Eukaryotic Host Cells -- EB Cell Surface Components and Their Relevance for Host Cell Attachment -- OMCB is a GAG-Binding Adhesin that is Important for Infection -- The PMP Protein Family--A Potential Source of Diversity in Adhesion?.

Do Chlamydia Species Possess Additional Adhesins? -- What Receptor Molecules Might Chlamydial Adhesins Recognize on Human Cells? -- A Model for Chlamydial Adherence to Human Cells -- Outlook -- References -- 6. Initial Interactions of Chlamydiae with The Host Cell -- Introduction -- Entry -- Tarp Actin Nucleating Activity -- Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Tarp and Activation of Cell Signaling -- Other Early T3s Effectors -- Toxins -- Activation of The Host Actin Nucleation Machinery -- Creation of An Intracellular Niche -- Triggering of Early Differentiation -- Temporal Gene Expression During The Developmental Cycle -- Establishing Cellular Interactions of The Inclusion -- Proteins Modifying The Inclusion Membrane -- Interactions with The Golgi Apparatus -- Microtubule-Dependent Trafficking -- Regulation of Vesicle Trafficking -- Polarized Cells to Distinguish Trafficking Pathways -- Multiplication of RBs and Subsequent Differentiation -- Outlook -- References -- 7. Temporal Gene Regulation During The Chlamydial Developmental Cycle -- The Chlamydial Developmental Cycle -- Regulation of Gene Expression During The Developmental Cycle -- Transcriptional Regulation of Midcycle Genes -- Transcriptional Regulation of Late Genes -- Transcriptional Regulation in EBs -- Transcriptional Regulation of Early Genes -- Regulation by Small RNAs -- Perspective: Putting it All Together -- Final Words -- References -- 8. Cell Biology of The Chlamydial Inclusion -- Introduction -- Setting Up for Success--Early Events in Nascent Inclusion Biogenesis -- Taking Control--Manipulation of Host Trafficking and Organelles for Nutrient Acquisition -- Strategies to Combat Innate Immunity--The Cell Biology Angle -- Getting Out--Chlamydia Exits Host Cells by Lysis or Extrusion -- Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- 9. Protein Secretion and Chlamydia Pathogenesis.

Introduction -- Secretion Mechanisms Employed by Chlamydia Species -- The Chlamydial T3S Mechanism -- Effector Proteins -- Future Prospects -- References -- 10. Immune Recognition and Host Cell Response During Chlamydia Infection -- Introduction -- Recognition of Chlamydiae -- TLR2 and TLR4 -- Chlamydial MAMPs for TLR2 and TLR4 -- Other TLRs -- NLRC Proteins -- Signaling Events Postrecognition -- Host Immune Recognition: Summary and Future Directions -- References -- 11. Chlamydia Immunopathogenesis -- Introduction -- Innate Immune Mechanisms Contributing to Pathology -- Role of Pathogen Recognition Receptor Signaling in Pathogenesis -- PRR Adaptors MyD88 and TRIF -- Chlamydia-Specific Virulence Mechanisms -- Contribution of The Adaptive Response to The Development of Chlamydial Disease -- Genetic, Physiologic, and Environmental Factors Influencing Severity of Disease Outcome -- Conclusions -- References -- 12. Chlamydial Persistence Redux -- Introduction -- Persistence as a Function of Microbial Pathogenesis: What Do Other Microbial Pathogens Do, and Are There Analogies for Chlamydiae? -- What In Vivo Conditions Fall Under The Rubric of Chlamydial Persistence? -- Where Do We Go From Here? -- References -- 13. In Vivo Chlamydial Infection -- Introduction -- Summary of Animal Models for Chlamydial Disease -- Biology of Chlamydial Infection: Overview -- Development of Biomathematical Models Using Animal Experimentation -- References -- 14. Chlamydia Vaccine: Progress and Challenges -- Introduction -- A Historical Perspective on Chlamydia Vaccine Development -- Goals for A Chlamydia Vaccine -- Correlates of Protective Immunity Against Chlamydial Infections -- Protective and Pathogenic Responses in Chlamydial Infection -- Identification of Chlamydial Antigens that Elicit Protective Immunity.

Broad Classes of Chlamydial Antigens and Methods of Identification -- Identified Candidate Vaccine Antigens and Immunogenic Proteins -- Thinking Ahead: Clinical Trial in Humans -- Summary -- References -- 15. Chlamydial Genetics: Decades of Effort, Very Recent Successes -- Introduction -- Challenges in Transforming Chlamydiae -- Genomics and Our Understanding of Natural Lateral Gene Transfer in Chlamydiae -- Evidence for Natural Lateral Gene Transfer Within Contemporary Chlamydia Species -- Experimental Methods for Genetic Modification of Chlamydiae -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- 16. Biomathematical Modeling of Chlamydia Infection and Disease -- Introduction -- Review of Mathematical Modeling of Chlamydia -- Modeling Chlamydia with Viral Dynamics Equations -- Other Mathematical Models of Chlamydia -- The Future of Chlamydia Modeling -- Microbiology and Biomathematical Modeling -- References -- Index.