C Programming for Arduino -- Table of Contents -- C Programming for Arduino -- Credits -- About the Author -- Acknowledgement -- About the Reviewers -- www.PacktPub.com -- Support files, eBooks, discount offers and more -- Why Subscribe? -- Free Access for Packt account holders -- Preface -- What this book covers -- What you need for this book -- Who this book is for -- Conventions -- Reader feedback -- Customer support -- Downloading the example code -- Errata -- Piracy -- Questions -- 1. Let's Plug Things -- What is a microcontroller? -- Presenting the big Arduino family -- About hardware prototyping -- Understanding Arduino software architecture -- Installing Arduino development environment (IDE) -- Installing the IDE -- How to launch the environment? -- What does the IDE look like? -- Installing Arduino drivers -- Installing drivers for Arduino Uno R3 -- Installing drivers for Arduino Duemilanove, Nano, or Diecimilla -- What is electricity? -- Voltage -- Current and power -- And what are resistors, capacitors, and so on? -- Wiring things and Fritzing -- What is Fritzing? -- Power supply fundamentals -- Hello LED! -- What do we want to do exactly? -- How can I do that using C code? -- Start with a new blank page -- Setting up the environment according the board we are using -- Let's write the code -- Let's upload the code, at last! -- Summary -- 2. First Contact with C -- An introduction to programming -- Different programming paradigms -- Programming style -- C and C++? -- C is used everywhere -- Arduino is programmed with C and C++ -- The Arduino native library and other libraries -- Discovering the Arduino native library -- Other libraries included and not directly provided -- Some very useful included libraries -- Some external libraries -- Checking all basic development steps -- Using the serial monitor -- Baud rate.

Serial communication with Arduino -- Serial monitoring -- Making the Arduino talk to us -- Adding serial communication to Blink250ms -- Serial functions in more detail -- Serial.begin() -- Serial.print() and Serial.println() -- Digging a bit… -- Talking to the board from the computer -- Summary -- 3. C Basics - Making You Stronger -- Approaching variables and types of data -- What is a variable? -- What is a type? -- The roll over/wrap concept -- Declaring and defining variables -- Declaring variables -- Defining variables -- String -- String definition is a construction -- Using indexes and search inside String -- charAt() -- indexOf() and lastIndexOf() -- startsWith() and endsWith() -- Concatenation, extraction, and replacement -- Concatenation -- Concat() -- Using the + operator on strings -- Extract and replace -- substring() is the extractor -- Splitting a string using a separator -- Replacement -- Other string functions -- toCharArray() -- toLowerCase() and toUpperCase() -- trim() -- length() -- Testing variables on the board -- Some explanations -- The scope concept -- static, volatile, and const qualifiers -- static -- volatile -- const -- Operators, operator structures, and precedence -- Arithmetic operators and types -- Character types -- Numerical types -- Condensed notations and precedence -- Increment and decrement operators -- Types manipulations -- Choosing the right type -- Implicit and explicit types conversions -- Implicit type conversion -- Explicit type conversion -- Comparing values and Boolean operators -- Comparison expressions -- Combining comparisons with Boolean operators -- Combining negation and comparisons -- Adding conditions in the code -- if and else conditional structure -- Chaining an if…else structure to another if…else structure -- if…else structure with combined comparisons expressions.

Finding all cases for a conditional structure -- switch…case…break conditional structure -- Ternary operator -- Making smart loops for repetitive tasks -- for loop structure -- Playing with increment -- More complex increments -- Decrements are negative increments -- Using imbricated for loops or two indexes -- while loop structure -- do…while loop structure -- Breaking the loops -- Infinite loops are not your friends -- Summary -- 4. Improve Programming with Functions, Math, and Timing -- Introducing functions -- Structure of a function -- Creating function prototypes using the Arduino IDE -- Header and name of functions -- Body and statements of functions -- Benefits of using functions -- Easier coding and debugging -- Better modularity helps reusability -- Better readability -- C standard mathematical functions and Arduino -- Trigonometric C functions in the Arduino core -- Some prerequisites -- Difference between radians and degrees -- Cosine, sine, and tangent -- Arccosine, arcsine, and arctangent -- Trigonometry functions -- Exponential functions and some others -- Approaching calculation optimization -- The power of the bit shift operation -- What are bit operations? -- Binary numeral system -- Easily converting a binary number to a decimal number -- AND, OR, XOR, and NOT operators -- AND -- OR -- XOR -- NOT -- Bit shift operations -- It is all about performance -- The switch case labels optimization techniques -- Optimizing the range of cases -- Optimizing cases according to their frequency -- Smaller the scope, the better the board -- The Tao of returns -- Direct returns concept -- Use void if you don't need return -- Secrets of lookup tables -- Table initialization -- Replacing pure calculation with array index operations -- Taylor series expansion trick -- The Arduino core even provides pointers -- Time measure.

Does the Arduino board own a watch? -- The millis() function -- The micros() function -- Delay concept and the program flow -- What does the program do during the delay? -- The polling concept - a special interrupt case -- The interrupt handler concept -- What is a thread? -- A real-life polling library example -- Installing an external library -- Let's test the code -- Summary -- 5. Sensing with Digital Inputs -- Sensing the world -- Sensors provide new capacities -- Some types of sensors -- Quantity is converted to data -- Data has to be perceived -- What does digital mean? -- Digital and analog concepts -- Inputs and outputs of Arduino -- Introducing a new friend - Processing -- Is Processing a language? -- Let's install and launch it -- A very familiar IDE -- Alternative IDEs and versioning -- Checking an example -- Processing and Arduino -- Pushing the button -- What is a button, a switch? -- Different types of switches -- A basic circuit -- Wires -- The circuit in the real world -- The pull-up and pull-down concept -- The pseudocode -- The code -- Making Arduino and Processing talk -- The communication protocol -- Protocol requirements -- Protocol design -- The Processing code -- Sketching a pseudocode -- Let's write that code -- Variable definitions -- setup() -- draw() -- The serialEvent() callback -- The new Arduino firmware talk-ready -- Playing with multiple buttons -- The circuit -- The Arduino code -- The Processing code -- Understanding the debounce concept -- What? Who is bouncing? -- How to debounce -- Summary -- 6. Sensing the World - Feeling with Analog Inputs -- Sensing analog inputs and continuous values -- How many values can we distinguish? -- Reading analog inputs -- The real purpose of the potentiometer -- Changing the blinking delay of an LED with a potentiometer -- How to turn the Arduino into a low voltage voltmeter?.

Calculating the precision -- Introducing Max 6, the graphical programming framework -- A brief history of Max/MSP -- Global concepts -- What is a graphical programming framework? -- Max, for the playground -- MSP, for sound -- Jitter, for visuals -- Gen, for a new approach to code generation -- Summarizing everything in one table -- Installing Max 6 -- The very first patch -- Playing sounds with the patch -- Controlling software using hardware -- Improving the sequencer and connecting the Arduino -- Let's connect the Arduino to Max 6 -- The serial object in Max 6 -- Tracing and Debugging easily in Max 6 -- Understanding Arduino messages in Max 6 -- What is really sent on the wire? -- Extracting only the payload? -- ASCII conversions and symbols -- Playing with sensors -- Measuring distances -- Reading a datasheet? -- Let's wire things -- Coding the firmware -- Reading the distance in Max 6 -- Measuring flexion -- Resistance calculations -- Sensing almost everything -- Multiplexing with a CD4051 multiplexer/demultiplexer -- Multiplexing concepts -- Multiple multiplexing/demultiplexing techniques -- Space-division multiplexing -- Frequency-division multiplexing -- Time-division multiplexing -- The CD4051B analog multiplexer -- What is an integrated circuit? -- Wiring the CD4051B IC? -- Identifying pin number 1 -- Supplying the IC -- Analog I/O series and the common O/I -- Selecting the digital pin -- Summary -- 7. Talking over Serial -- Serial communication -- Serial and parallel communication -- Types and characteristics of serial communications -- Synchronous or asynchronous -- Duplex mode -- Peering and bus -- Master and slave buses -- Data encoding -- Multiple serial interfaces -- The powerful Morse code telegraphy ancestor -- The famous RS-232 -- From 25 wires to 3 -- The elegant I2C -- The synchronous SPI -- The omnipresent USB.

USB system design.