LEPTIN: HORMONAL FUNCTIONS, DYSFUNCTIONS AND CLINICAL USES -- LEPTIN: HORMONAL FUNCTIONS, DYSFUNCTIONS AND CLINICAL USES -- Contents -- Preface -- Interplay of Leptin with the Stress System Components -- 1. Ippokratio General Hospital, Athens, Greece -- 2. Lab of Basic Sciences, Dept of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, School of Dentisty, University of Athens, Greece -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Interactions within the Central Nervous System -- Positive Energy Balance -- Negative Energy Balance -- Glucoregulation -- Brain Metabolic Syndrome -- Non-Homeostatic Feeding -- Interplay in Signaling Pathways -- Leptin -- Glucocorticoids -- Estrogens -- Norepinephrine -- Effects of Leptin / Stress Hormones Interactions on Stress Response -- Effects of Leptin / Stress Hormones Interactions on other Brain Functions -- Emotionality -- Synaptic Plasticity -- Neuroprotection -- Periferal Effects of Leptin / Stress Hormones Interactions -- Hypertension -- Adiposity -- Genetic and Environmental Impact on Leptin - Stress Hormones Interaction -- Genetics -- Environmental Factors -- Epigenetics -- Conclusions -- References -- The Effect of Drugs on Leptin Metabolism -- Izmir Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Neurology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Abstract -- Antiepileptic Drugs -- Antidepressant Drugs -- Antipsychotic Drugs -- Hypolipidaemic Drugs -- Antihypertansive Drugs -- Antiobesity Drugs -- Antioxidants -- Antirheumatic Drugs -- Steroid Drugs -- Thyroid Hormones -- Sex Hormones -- Migraine Preventive Drugs -- Melatonin -- Organotin Compounds -- References -- Leptin: A Novel Therapeutic Target in the Fight against Neuro-Degeneration ? -- School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Fife, UK -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Anti-Obesity Hormone Leptin -- Signalling via the Ob Receptor -- Leptin Resistance and Insensitivity.

Leptin and Neurodegeneration -- Leptin's Potential as a Therapy for Neurodegeneration -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Role of Leptin in the Activation of the Immune System -- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Leptin Activation of Innate Immunity -- 2.1. Leptin Activation of Monocytes/Macrophages -- 2.2. Leptin Activation of Neutrophils -- 2.3. Natural Killer (NK) Cells -- 3. LeptinModulation of Adaptive Immune Response -- Leptin in Autoimmunity -- Leptin in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) -- Leptin in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Bibliography -- Role of Leptin in the Mammary Gland Development, Lactation and in Neonatal Physiology -- University of Turin, Italy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Mammary Gland Structure and Function -- Leptin and the Mammary Gland -- Leptin Relevance in Breast Cancer Prevention -- The Relationship between Leptin and Offspring Growth -- Milk Leptin and Obesity -- The Role of Early Life Leptin in Later Life Degenerative and Chronic Diseases -- References -- Gender Difference in Leptin Production and Leptin Sensitivity -- Cellular, Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio USA -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Gender Difference in Leptin Production and Secretion -- 2.1. Gender Difference in Adiposity and Fat Distribution Regulates Leptin Production -- 2.2. Sex Steroid Hormones Regulate Leptin Production -- 2.2a. Estrogens Regulate Leptin Production and Secretion -- 2.2b. Androgens Regulate Leptin Production and Secretion -- 2.3. Other Gender-Related Factors Regulate Leptin Production -- 3. Gender Difference in Leptin Sensitivity -- 3.1. Differential Leptin Sensitivity in Males and Females.

3.2. Sex Steroid Hormones Determine the Gender Difference in Leptin Sensitivity -- 3.2a. Estrogens Change Central Leptin Sensitivity -- 3.2b. Estrogens Influence Leptin Receptor Expression -- 3.3. Potential Mechanisms for Sexual Dimorphic Leptin Sensitivity -- 3.3a. Overlapping Signaling Pathway between Estrogen and Leptin -- 3.3b. Estrogen Is a Potential Adiposity Signal that Closely Interacts with Leptin Signaling -- Conclusion -- References -- The Role and Application of Leptin in Control of Female Reproductive Functions -- 1. Animal Production Research Centre, Luzianky, Slovakia -- 2. Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Involvement of Leptin in Control of Female Reproduction via Hypothalamo-Hypophysial System -- 2.1. Leptin Controls Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones Regulating Reproductive Functions -- 2.2. Mechanisms of Leptin Action on Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones Regulating Reproductive Functions -- 3. Involvement of Leptin in Control of Female Reproduction via Direct Action on the Ovary -- 3.1. Leptin Controls Ovarian Cell Proliferation -- 3.2. Leptin Controls Ovarian Cell Apoptosis -- 3.3. Leptin Controls Secretory Activity of Ovarian Cells -- 3.4. Leptin Controls Oocyte Maturation -- 3.5. Mechanisms of Direct Leptin Action on the Ovary -- 4. Application of Leptin for Prediction and Control of Fecundity -- 5. Application of Leptin for Prediction and Diagnostics of Ovarian Disorders -- Conclusion -- References -- Leptin in Breast Milk and Infancy -- Abstract -- Role of Leptin in Energy Homeostasis -- Breast Milk Leptin -- Leptin in Fetus and Newborn -- Leptin in Infants -- Metabolic Implications of Breast Milk Leptin -- Conclusion -- References -- Risk of Primary Hypogonadism in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea due to High Leptin Levels.

Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia, USA -- And "Carol Davila" School of Medicine -- Bucharest, Romania -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Subjects -- Sleep Study -- Laboratory Methods -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Reference -- Leptin - A Cardioprotective Hormone Following CPB or an Innocent Bystander? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- CPB is Associated with Acute Changes in -- Circulating Leptin Levels -- The Effect of Gender on Leptin Levels -- The Effect of the Circadian Rhythm -- The Effect of Cortisol on Leptin Levels -- The Association Between Leptin and IL-6 Levels -- The Association Between Leptin and IL-8 Levels -- The Association Between Clinical Parameters and -- Leptin Levels -- Conclusion -- Refernces -- Interaction Between Leptin and Gut Hormones in the Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Leptin, Metabolic Regulation and Human Obesity -- Interaction Between Leptin and Cholecystokinin (CCK) -- Interaction Between Leptin and Glucagon-Like -- Peptide 1 (GLP-1) -- Interaction Between Leptin and Peptide YY (PYY) -- Interaction Between Leptin and Bombesin -- Interaction Between Leptin and Urocortin -- Interaction Between Leptin and Amylin -- Interaction Between Leptin and Ghrelin -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Fructose Consumption and Leptin Resistance: What Have We Learnt from Animal Studies? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Metabolic Diseases in Humans -- Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Weight Gain and Obesity -- Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes -- Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Cardiovascular Risk Factors -- Deleterious Effects of Fructose Metabolism: Data Gathered from Animal and Human Intervention Studies.

Dyslipidemia -- Insulin Resistance -- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) -- Hyperuricemia -- Weight Gain and Obesity -- High Blood Pressure -- Liquid Fructose Ingestion, Leptin and Insulin Resistance -- References -- Neonatal Leptin Surge -- Department of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheij-cho, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Maternal under- or over-Nutrition -- Leptin Levels in Neonates -- Exogenous Leptin Treatment in Neonates -- Leptin Effect on the Hypothalamus in Neonates -- Development of Leptin-Sensitive Projection Pathways -- Problems to be Clarified -- Conclusion -- References -- Adipokines in Human Pregnancy: The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin -- Corresponding Author Roberto Romero, MD -- Perinatology Research Branch, Intramural Division, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, Michigan -- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan -- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan -- Box No. 4, 3990 John R, -- Detroit, Michigan 48201 USA -- Introduction -- What are Adipokines? -- What is Leptin? -- What is Adiponectin? -- Amniotic Fluid Leptin and Adiponectin in Normal and Abnormal Pregnancy -- What is the Rationale to Determine Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations in Amniotic Fluid? -- Amniotic Fluid Leptin in Normal and Abnormal Pregnancy: -- Amniotic Fluid Adiponectin in Normal and Abnormal Pregnancy: -- Maternal Circulating Leptin and Adiponectin in Normal Pregnancy -- Maternal Circulating Leptin in Normal Pregnancy: -- Maternal Circulating Adiponectin in Normal Pregnancy: -- Maternal Circulating Lrptin and Adiponectin in Complications of Pregnancy -- Maternal Circulating Leptin and Complications of Pregnancy:.

Maternal Circulating Adiponectin and Complications of Pregnancy:.