Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Introduction -- Chapter 1 Bioenergy from Dendromass for the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas: Research Findings from the AgroForNet and BEST Projects of the German 'Sustainable Land Management' Funding Programme -- 1.1 The 'Sustainable Land Management' Funding Programme -- 1.1.1 Land Management -- 1.1.2 Transdisciplinarity -- 1.1.3 Regional Aspect -- 1.2 Module B: 'Innovative System Solutions for Sustainable Land Management' -- 1.3 Dendromass Production and Rural Development in the Context of Sustainable Land Management -- 1.4 Added Value of this Joint Book Publication -- References -- Chapter 2 Linking the Producers and Consumers of Woodfuel to Contribute to the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas: An Introduction to AgroForNet -- 2.1 Background and Motivation -- 2.2 Aims and Structure of the Project -- 2.3 Research Results Contributed to this Book -- References -- Chapter 3 Strengthening Bioenergy Regions: An Introduction to BEST -- 3.1 Background and Motivation -- 3.2 Aims and Structure of the Project -- 3.3 Research Results Contributed to this Book -- References -- Part II Environmental Constraints, Landscape Functions and Ecosystem Services -- Chapter 4 The Bioenergy Allocation and Scenario Tool (BEAST) to Assess Options for the Siting of Short Rotation Coppice in Agricultural Landscapes: Tool Development and Case Study Results from the Gottingen District* -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Study Area and Methods -- 4.2.1 Study Area -- 4.2.2 Field Geometries, Administrative Units and Ecological Units as Spatial Reference -- 4.2.3 The BEAST Assessment Approach -- 4.2.4 Spatial Selection and Multi-Criteria Evaluation Procedure -- 4.2.4.1 Step 1: Setting the Objectives -- 4.2.4.2 Step 2: Defining Restricted and Preference Areas.

4.2.4.3 Step 3: Scaling the Evaluation Criteria -- 4.2.4.4 Step 4: Weighting the Evaluation Criteria and Executing the MCE Calculation -- 4.2.5 Production Criteria -- 4.2.5.1 Crop Yield Modelling -- 4.2.5.2 Short Rotation Coppice Yield Modelling -- 4.2.5.3 Application in the Gottingen District -- 4.2.5.4 Production Criteria Setting for the Case Study -- 4.2.6 Economic Criteria -- 4.2.6.1 Cost Calculation -- 4.2.6.2 Price Calculation -- 4.2.6.3 Economic Criteria Setting for the Case Study -- 4.3 Results -- 4.3.1 Identification of Economically Competitive Short Rotation Coppice Sites -- 4.3.2 Shift in Yield Levels Due to Site Selection -- 4.3.3 Erosion Protection as Ecological Synergy -- 4.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 The Influence of More Widespread Cultivation of Short Rotation Coppice on the Water Balance: From the Site to the Regional Scale* -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Evidence from Field Measurements and Results of the Plot-Level Modelling -- 5.2.1 Research Plots and Model Concept -- 5.2.2 Results at Plot Level -- 5.3 Regional-Scale Modelling -- 5.3.1 SWAT Model -- 5.3.2 Incorporation of Short Rotation Coppice in SWAT -- 5.3.3 Scenarios -- 5.3.4 Results at the Regional Scale -- 5.3.5 Discussion of the Influence at the Regional Scale -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Short Rotation Coppice as Habitat for Vascular Plants* -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methods -- 6.2.1 Study Sites -- 6.2.2 Vegetation Sampling and Analysis -- 6.2.3 Soil Sampling and Analysis -- 6.2.4 Measurements of Photosynthetically Active Radiation Transmission -- 6.3 Results and Discussion -- 6.3.1 Habitat Conditions and Plant Diversity in Newly Established Short Rotation Coppice -- 6.3.2 Habitat Conditions and Plant Diversity in Older Short Rotation Coppice -- 6.3.3 Implications for Plant Species Conservation.

6.3.4 Management Recommendations for the Enhancement of Plant Diversity -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Synergies and Conflicts between an Increasingly Widespread Cultivation of Short Rotation Coppice and Nature Conservation at the Landscape Level* -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methods -- 7.3 Results -- 7.3.1 Nature Conservation Criteria for the Selection of Suitable Short Rotation Coppice Sites -- 7.3.1.1 Criterion 1: Protected Areas and Individual Objects of Nature Protection -- 7.3.1.2 Criterion 2: Special Legal Protection of Biotopes/Level of Endangerment and Rarity -- 7.3.1.3 Criterion 3: Renewability of Biotopes -- 7.3.1.4 Criterion 4: Threat of Isolation of Habitat Types -- 7.3.1.5 Criterion 5: Areas of Special Importance for Avifauna -- 7.3.1.6 Criterion 6: Respecting the Typical Landscape -- 7.3.1.7 Criterion 7: Areas for Compensation Measures -- 7.3.1.8 Criterion 8: Priority and Reserved Sites in Agricultural Production Areas -- 7.3.2 Testing the Nature Conservation Criteria in Mittelsachsen -- 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Nature Conservation Requirements of Short Rotation Coppice Management -- 8.1 Siting of Short Rotation Coppice -- 8.2 Measures for the Enhancement of the Nature Conservation Value of Short Rotation Coppice -- 8.2.1 Nature Conservation Measures at Establishment -- 8.2.2 Nature Conservation Measures during Short Rotation Coppice Management -- 8.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 The Effects of Short Rotation Coppice on the Visual Landscape* -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Research Design and Methods -- 9.2.1 Model Landscapes and General Design of Visualisations -- 9.2.2 Visualisations of Different Scenarios for Landscape Types from the Bird's-Eye Perspective -- 9.2.3 Visualisations of Different Edge Designs from the Pedestrian Perspective -- 9.2.4 Online Survey.

9.2.5 Statistical Analysis and Sample Characteristics -- 9.3 Results -- 9.3.1 Evaluation of Short Rotation Coppice Cultivation Scenarios Among Landscape Types -- 9.3.2 Evaluation of Short Rotation Coppice Cultivation Scenarios within Landscape Types -- 9.3.3 Evaluation of the Edge Design of Short Rotation Coppice -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.4.1 Influence of Different Landscape Types and Cultivation Scenarios -- 9.4.2 Edge Design of Short Rotation Coppice -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part III Evaluating, Managing and Enhancing the Supply of Dendromass -- Chapter 10 Site Conditions, Initial Growth and Nutrient and Litter Cycling of Newly Installed Short Rotation Coppice and Agroforestry Systems* -- 10.1 Short Rotation Coppice and Agroforestry Systems as Resource-Efficient Cropping Systems -- 10.2 Study Region and Research Site Description -- 10.2.1 Reiffenhausen -- 10.2.2 Friedland -- 10.2.3 BERTA -- 10.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils -- 10.4 Planting Success, Initial Biomass and Litter Production and Nutrient Release -- 10.5 Nitrogen Budget and N Use Efficiency -- 10.6 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 Potential Offered by a Willow-Grassland Alley Cropping System as a Biogenic Source of Energy* -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.3 Results -- 11.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 The Effects of Irrigation on the Growth of Poplars and Willows Cultivated in Short Rotation* -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Materials and Methods -- 12.2.1 Research Area -- 12.2.2 Data Collection and Instrumentation Employed in the Experimental Areas -- 12.2.3 Irrigation Procedure -- 12.3 Results -- 12.3.1 Irrigation -- 12.3.2 Leaf Biomass -- 12.3.3 Tree Growth -- 12.4 Discussion -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 13 A Spatially Explicit Approach to the Identification of Sites Suitable for Woody Biomass Systems Based on Site Factors and Field Geometry: A Case Study for the Gottingen District* -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Methods -- 13.2.1 Study Area -- 13.2.2 Field Geometries -- 13.2.3 Classification -- 13.2.4 Calculation of Tillage Time -- 13.2.5 Optimisation Options -- 13.2.6 Yield and Economic Return as Criteria for Site Selection -- 13.3 Results -- 13.3.1 Field Mapping and Site Classification -- 13.3.2 Optimisation Potential and Conversion Pathways -- 13.3.3 Preference Areas for 'SRC-AFS' and 'SRC' Implementation -- 13.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 Site-Based Yield Estimation and Biomass Calculation in Short Rotation Coppice Plantations* -- 14.1 Site-Based Yield Estimation and Biomass Calculation in Short Rotation Coppice Plantations -- 14.2 Growth Characteristics of Short Rotation Coppice -- 14.3 Site-Based Yield Estimation for Poplar Short Rotation Coppice -- 14.4 Biomass Calculation in Short Rotation Coppice -- 14.4.1 Biomass Calculation in Poplar Plantations -- 14.4.2 Biomass Calculation in Willow Plantations -- 14.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15 Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Two Poplar Varieties Commonly Grown in Short Rotation Coppice Plantations and Implications for Fertiliser Management -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Materials and Methods -- 15.2.1 Poplar Materials and Plantation Sites -- 15.2.2 Leaf Area and N Concentration -- 15.2.3 Photosynthetic N Use Efficiency (PNUE) -- 15.2.4 Statistical Analyses -- 15.3 Results and Discussion -- 15.3.1 Biomass and Leaf N Concentration -- 15.3.2 A Comparison of PNUE for Certain Bioenergy Crops -- 15.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16 Biotic Risk Factors in Short Rotation Coppice in Germany: Current Situation, New Findings and Future Perspectives*.

16.1 Introduction.