Table of Contents -- Preface ix -- Introduction: Karl Popper, the Viennese Socrates 1 -- Popper, Socrates, and Antipositivism 2 -- Popper and Marxism 5 -- Post-Platonic Progressive Politics 8 -- Popperian Political Science 11 -- Challenges to the Popperian Program 14 -- The Road Ahead 18 -- 1. Encounter with Marxism 21 -- Revolution and Revelation 22 -- Marxism and Democracy: Popper's Critique 25 -- Marx, Engels, and Democracy 27 -- The Dictatorship of the Proletariat 29 -- Marxism and Ethics 34 -- Historicism: Three Preliminary Criticisms 37 -- Moral Historicism: an Evaluation 40 -- 2. Capitalism and After 45 -- Marx's Central Prophecy 46 -- The Imperialism and Embourgeoisement Theses 48 -- The Concentration of Capital 51 -- Reform or Revolution 52 -- Evaluation (1) Implications of the Falling Rate of Profit 54 -- Evaluation (2) Marxism and Social Technology 56 -- Evaluation (3) Mass-Consumption and Reform 57 -- Popper and the Labor Theory of Value 60 -- Alienation and Property Entitlements 63 -- Measures and Metrics for a 'Transitional' Program 65 -- Coordination and Calculation in Communism 68 -- 3. Threat from the Right 73 -- The Open and the Closed Society 74 -- The Closing of the Viennese Enlightenment 78 -- Patriotism and Ethno-nationalism 79 -- Pedagogy and School Reform 81 -- Othmar Spann and Reactionary Social Theory 83 -- The Alliance of Philosophy and Authoritarian Politics 84 -- Hegel as the 'Missing Link' in the Totalitarian Chain 88 -- Popper and Hegel: an Evaluation 91 -- 4. Ascent from the Cave 95 -- Doxa and Episteme 95 -- Towards a Post-Positivist Philosophy of Science 97 -- Non-Relativistic Fallibilism 100 -- Modified Essentialism and Verisimilitude 103 -- Popper's Dialectics: Inverting Platonism 105 -- The Active Search for Understanding 108 -- Evolutionary Epistemology 110 -- 5. Ethics and Emancipation 115.

Science and Ethics 115 -- Compassion and the Open Society 118 -- Friendship and the Social Formation of Ethics 120 -- Ethical Selfhood and Binding Commitment 122 -- Self-Transcendence 125 -- Humanitarian Principles: Equalitarianism 128 -- Humanitarian Principles: Individualism and Self-Mastery 130 -- Humanitarian Principles: Protectionism (and Paternalism) 132 -- The Idea of Justice 136 -- 6. Chains of Reason 139 -- Popperian Science and Political Philosophy 140 -- The Matter of Metaphysics 141 -- Hegelianized Marxism: The Dialectic of Defeat 144 -- The Myth of Popper the Positivist 147 -- Tubingen and Its Aftermath 150 -- Antipsychologism and Popperian Sociology 152 -- Methodological Collectivism 157 -- Popper and Historical Interpretation 159 -- Objective Hermeneutics and Situational Logic 161 -- The Place of Evolution and Science in History 165 -- 7. In Search of Socratic Politics 167 -- Popper and Platonism 168 -- Popper, the 'Socratic Problem,' and Plato's Republic 172 -- Popper and the Crisis of Athenian Democracy 175 -- An Alternative Interpretation of the Republic 178 -- Popper and Socratic Politics: an Evaluation 183 -- 8. Law without Sovereignty 187 -- Conscience and the Rule of Law 187 -- Democracy without a Sovereign Demos 191 -- Negative Democracy 194 -- Popper and Proportional Representation 197 -- Paradoxes of Popperian Politics 199 -- Peace and Global Governance 202 -- Problems of the Post-Cold-War World 207 -- A Humanitarian Jus Commune 212 -- Notes 217 -- Bibliography 269 -- Index 279.