ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: GENERAL REVIEW AND APPLICATIONS -- 1 Historical Perspective -- 2 Antibodies -- 2.1 Structure of Antibodies -- 2.2 Types of Antibodies -- 2.3 Antibody Development -- 3 Antibody Mediation -- 4 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems -- 5 Applications -- 6 Recent Trends -- 7 Future Trends -- References -- CHAPTER 2 IMMUNOLIPOSOMES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR TARGETING -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Immunoliposome Targeting to Pathological Regions of the Vessel Wall -- 3 Liposome Internalization by Endothelial Cells -- 4 Targeting of Atherosclerotic Lesions for Tomographic Imaging -- 5 Antibody-Mediated Liposomes for Diagnosis of Thrombosis -- 6 Thrombolytic Therapy with Immunoliposomes -- 7 Targeted Sealing of Cell Membrane Lesions: Preservation of Cell Viability -- 8 Accumulation of Liposomes and Immunoliposomes in the Ischemic Heart -- 9 Immunoliposomes as a Drug and Gene Delivery Vehicle to the Infarcted Heart -- References -- CHAPTER 3 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR BREAST CANCER THERAPEUTICS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Breast Cancer -- 2.1 Statistics -- 2.2 Common Treatment -- 3 Drug Delivery Systems -- 3.1 Features -- 4 Monoclonal Antibodies -- 4.1 Antitumor Activity -- 4.2 Trastuzumab -- 4.3 Bevacizumab -- 4.4 Pertuzumab -- 4.5 Paclitaxel-Monoclonal Antibody -- 5 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 -- 5.1 Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor -- 5.2 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -- 6 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery System -- 6.1 Trastuzumab-DM1 Conjugate -- 6.2 Anti-HER2 Antibody-Drug Conjugates -- 6.3 Antibody-Based Therapeutics -- 7 Targets for the Treatment of Breast Cancer -- 8 Breast Cancer Therapies -- 8.1 Taxane -- 8.2 Chemotherapy -- 8.3 Antigens -- 8.4 Nicastrin -- 8.5 Erlotinib.

8.6 Human Arrest Defective 1 -- 8.7 Highly Monodisperse Magnetite Nanocrystals -- 9 The Future of Breast Cancer Therapeutics -- 10 Other Treatment Strategies -- 11 Nanotechnology -- 12 Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNONCONJUGATES FOR IN VIVO DELIVERY: CANCER DIAGNOSIS, IMAGING, AND THERAPY -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Development of mAbs for Specific Targets -- 1.2 Naked Antibodies for Cancer Therapy -- 2 Immunoconjugates -- 3 Immunoconjugates in Cancer Therapy -- 3.1 Radioimmunoconjugates -- 3.2 Pre-targeted Therapy -- 3.3 Antibody-Drug Conjugate -- 3.4 Antibody-Toxin Conjugate -- 3.5 Antibody-siRNA conjugate -- 3.6 Antibody-Cytokine Conjugate -- 3.7 Antiproliferative Conjugates -- 3.8 Immunoconjugates with pH-Activatable Probe -- 4 Immunoconjugates for Imaging -- 4.1 Immuno-SPECT -- 4.2 Immuno-PET -- 5 Immunoconjugates in Diagnostic Applications -- 6 Immunoconjugates' Promising Future and Challenges -- 7 Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 5 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ANTI-TNF THERAPIES AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tuberculosis, TNF, and Anti-TNF Drugs -- 2.1 Epidemiology of Tuberculosis -- 2.2 TB Immunology and the Role of TNF -- 2.3 TNF Biology -- 2.4 Anti-TNF Drugs -- 3 Theoretical Models To Study TB Infection -- 3.1 ODE Model: TB Reactivation Based on TNF Bioavailability and Fraction of TNF That Is Soluble vs. Membrane-Bound Fraction -- 3.2 PDE Model: TNF Receptor Dynamics and Cellular Organization in a Tuberculosis Granuloma -- 4 Present and Future Work -- References -- CHAPTER 6 TARGETED NANOPARTICLES IN RADIOTHERAPY -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nanoparticles -- 2.1 Nanoparticle Technology -- 2.2 Nanoparticle Compositions and Functions for Cancer Therapy -- 2.3 Nanotechnology Advantages in Cancer Therapy -- 2.4 Nanoparticle Delivery Systems -- 2.5 Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in Specificity.

2.6 Drug-Encapsulated Hollow Protein Nanoparticles -- 2.7 Targeting by Nanoparticles -- 3 Radiotherapy -- 3.1 Drawbacks to Radiotherapy -- 3.2 Radioimmunotherapy -- 4 Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy -- 4.1 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Antiangiogenesis Therapy -- 4.2 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles for Imaging -- 4.3 Role of Nanoparticles in Radioimmunotherapy -- 4.4 Nanotargeted Radionuclides for Cancer Therapy and Imaging -- 4.5 Modifying Nanocarriers -- 4.6 Carbon Nanotubes in Radiation Therapy and Imaging -- 4.7 Carbon Nanotubes in Microradiotherapy -- 4.8 Gold Nanoparticle Radiation Therapy -- 4.9 Enhancement of Radiation Therapy by Gold Nanoparticles -- 4.10 Noninvasive RF Hyperthermia -- 4.11 Enhancement of Radiosensitivity by Nanoparticles -- 4.12 Nanoparticle-Enhanced MRI -- 4.13 Protection Provided by Melanin-Covered Nanoparticles -- 4.14 Immunotoxicity of Nanoparticles -- 5 Current and Future Developments with Nanotechnology in Radiotherapy -- 5.1 RF Field-Induced Thermal Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cells Treated with Florescent Nanoparticles -- 5.2 Susceptiblility of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells Noninvasive RF Fields after Treatment with Targeted Gold Nanoparticles -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICALLY-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF DRUGS AND CONJUGATES FOR CANCER TREATMENT -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Electroporation Mechanisms to Permeabilize the Drugs and DNAs in Cells -- 2.1 Role of External Electrical Pulses and Electrostatic Forces on Live Cells -- 3 Electroporation-Aided Drug Delivery for Preclinical Studies -- 3.1 Electrochemotherapy -- 4 EP applications for Human Patient Studies -- 4.1 Electrochemotherapy for Chest Wall Carcinoma -- 5 Future Perspectives -- 6 Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 8 CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY VARIANTS AND GLYCOSYLATION -- 1 Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Heterogeneity by HPLC Analysis.

1.1 Characterization Using Hydrophobic-Interaction Chromatography -- 1.2 Characterization Using Size-Exclusion Chromatography -- 1.3 Characterization Using Cation-Exchange Columns -- 2 Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Glycosylation -- 2.1 MAb Monosaccharide Compositional Analysis -- 2.2 MAb Sialic Acid Compositional Analysis -- 2.3 MAb N-Glycan Analysis -- References -- CHAPTER 9 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR LYMPHATIC TARGETING TREATMENT -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lymphatic Disorders and Their Normal Treatment -- 2.1 Lymphoma -- 2.2 Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia -- 2.3 Lymphedema -- 3 Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Lymphatic Targeting Treatment -- 3.1 Antibody-Drug Conjugates -- 3.2 Immunotoxin as an Antibody-Mediated DDS -- 3.3 Polymer-Antibody Conjugates -- 3.4 Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes -- 3.5 Other Antibody-Mediated Delivery Strategies -- 4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- CHAPTER 10 METHODS FOR NANOPARTICLE CONJUGATION TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Nanoparticle Systems used for Conjugation with mAbs -- 3 Conjugation Methods -- 3.1 Adsorption Binding -- 3.2 Covalent Binding -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 11 SINGLE-USE SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL CELL-BASED BIOPRODUCTION -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Component Offerings -- 2.1 Bioprocess Containers -- 2.2 Single-Use Mixers -- 2.3 Single-Use Bioreactors -- 2.4 Downstream Applications -- 3 Characteristics of Single-Use Systems and Their Applications -- 3.1 Cost and Finance Advantages -- 3.2 Materials Acceptability -- 3.3 Technical Transfer and Scale-up -- 3.4 Products and Platforms Supported -- 3.5 Regulatory Requirements -- 3.6 Probes, Sensors, and Sampling -- 3.7 Coupling and Transfer -- 3.8 Environmental Footprint -- 3.9 Flexibility -- 3.10 Performance -- 3.11 QbD and PAT -- 3.12 Scalability.

3.13 Modularity and Reconfigurablity -- 3.14 Automation Amenability -- 3.15 Improved Compliance Values -- References -- CHAPTER 12 IMMUNOLIPOSOMES FOR SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY -- 1 Introduction: Advances in Liposome Formulation -- 2 Design of Immunoliposomes for Site-Specific Drug Delivery -- 2.1 Immunoliposome Preparation -- 2.2 Types of Immunoliposomes -- 3 Cellular-Specific Targeting of Immunoliposomes -- 3.1 In Vitro Targeting of Immunoliposomes -- 3.2 In Vivo Applications of Immunoliposomes -- 4 Cellular-Specific Internalization of Immunoliposomes -- 5 Immunoliposomes in Diagnosis and Therapy -- 5.1 Targeted Delivery of Imaging Agents with Immunoliposomes -- 5.2 Use of Immunoliposomes in Oncology -- 5.3 Use of Immunoliposomes in Infectious Diseases -- 5.4 Use of Immunoliposomes in Inflammation-Related Diseases -- 5.5 Use of Immunoliposomes in Drug Delivery to the Brain -- 5.6 Use of Immunoliposomes in Targeted Gene Delivery -- 6 Clinical Use of Immunoliposomes -- 7 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- CHAPTER 13 GENE THERAPY TARGETING KIDNEY DISEASES: ROUTES AND VEHICLES -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Rationale for Successful Gene Targeting -- 3 Site-Specific Gene Delivery -- 4 Nuclear Import of Gene Material -- 5 Targeting the Glomerulus -- 6 Targeting the Tubule -- 7 Targeting the Interstitium -- 8 Targeting Muscle -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 14 DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) POLYMERS USING DOUBLE-ANTIGEN-BRIDGING IMMUNOGENICITY ELISA -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 ELISA Method Optimization -- 2.3 ELISA Procedures -- 2.4 Assay Reproducibility -- 2.5 Drug Tolerance Testing and Free Drug Depletion Assays -- 2.6 Screening Cut Point with Normal Human Serum Samples -- 2.7 Determination of Antibody Specificity in Positive Human Serum Samples -- 2.8 Determination of Sample Matrix Effects.

3 Results.