MOTIVATION IN LANGUAGE -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- EDITORS' FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- IN SEARCH OF CONCEPTUAL STRUCTUREFIVE MILESTONES IN THE WORK OF GÜNTER RADDEN -- 1. Towards a cognitive sociolinguistics -- 2. The conceptual elaboration of Case Grammar -- 3. Rescued from the wastebasket: The role of Area -- 4. Cognitive linguistics in a first synthesis -- 5. It is all metonymy -- References -- SECTION 1. MOTIVATIO N IN LEXICO-GRAMMAR -- EXTREME SUBJECTIFICATION ENGLISH TENSE AND MODALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Grounding and subjectivity -- 3. English modals -- 4.The English present tense -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- MEANING AND CONTEXT -- 1. On word meanings -- 2. 'Bootstrapping' -- 3. 'Subcategorization', 'argument structure', and 'linking': The case of put -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- LEXICALRULES VS. CONSTRUCTIONS A FALSE DICHOTOMY -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Arguments against lexical rules -- 3. The grammatical representation of the ditransitive construction -- 4. Constructions, lexical rules, and verb-specific constructions -- 5. Verb-specific constructions, verb entries, and analyzability -- 6. The mapping of form to meaning in language -- Notes -- References -- SCHEMASAND LEXICAL BLENDS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some characteristics of lexical blends -- 3. Lexical blends in a theory of morphology -- 4. Schemas in the analysis of lexical blends -- 5. The creation of a new lexical schema -- 6. Conclusion -- Data Sources -- References -- VALENCY AND DIATHESIS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Valency -- 3. Valency potential and valency realizations -- 4. Valency realizations of verbs in various diatheses -- 4.1 Personal active constructions -- 4.2 Impersonal active constructions -- 4.3 Personal passive constructions -- 4.3.1 Werden-passive -- 4.3.2Thesein-passive.

4.3.3 The bekommen-passive -- 4.4 Impersonal passive constructions -- 4.5 Impersonal reflexive passive -- 4.6 Middle constructions -- 4.6.1 Agentless middle constructions in the active form -- 4.6.2 Reflexive middle constructions -- 4.6.3 Reflexive middle constructions with lassen "to cause" -- 4.6.4 Middle constructions with a copula, zu + infinitive -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- TO GET OR TO BE? USE AND ACQUISITION OF GET- VERSUS BE-PASSIVES:EVIDENCE FROM CHILDREN AND ADULTS -- 1. Get- vs. be-passives: An overview1 -- 1.1 The get- over the be-passive in adult speakers -- 1.2 Development of the get-passive -- 2. Experiment 1: Children 's production of get- and be-passives -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Method -- 2.3 Results and discussion -- 3. Experiment 2: Elicitation of children's get-passives -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Method -- 4. Experiment 3: Adults ' ratings of be- and get-passives -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Method -- 4.3 Results and discussion -- 5. General discussion and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- SECTION 2. MOTIVATION IN THE LEXICON -- SPACEAND TIME IN POLISHTHE PREPOSITION ZA AND THE VERBAL PREFIX ZA- -- 1. Stating the problem -- 2. Earlier approaches -- 3. Basic assumptions -- 4. Analysis -- 4.1 The preposition za -- 4.2 The verbal prefix za- -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- FUNCTIONSOF THE PREPOSITION KUOM IN DHOLUO -- 1. The problem1 -- 2. Towards a solution -- 2.1 Theoretical framework -- 2.2 Thesis -- 2.3 Data and procedure -- 3. Clause structure and prepositions other than kuom -- 4. The preposition kuom -- 4.1 Kuom 's lexical source -- 4.2 Spatial function -- 4.3 Functional expansion via structural metaphor -- 4.3.1 Introducing experiencer participants -- 4.3.2 Introducing phenomenon participants -- 4.4 Functional expansion via ontological metaphor -- 4.4.1 TIME IS A(N) OBJECT/SOLID.

4.4.2 CAUSE IS A(N) OBJECT/SOLID -- 4.4.3 MANNER IS A(N) OBJECT/SOLID -- 4.4.4 PURPOSE/ABSTRACT MEANS IS A(N) OBJECT/SOLID -- 4.4.5 QUANTITIES ARE OBJECTS/SOLIDS -- 5. Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- GRAMMATICALIZATIONOF POSTPOSITIONS IN GERMAN -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Incipient grammaticalization: Reanalysis -- 3. Advanced grammaticalization: Differentiation relative to the original structure -- 4. A brief survey of postpositions in present-day German -- 5. Parameters of grammaticalization -- 5.1 Change of morphological structure -- 5.2 Change of position -- 5.3. Change of government -- 5.4. Change of semantics -- 6. A diachronic outlook on position and government -- 7. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- METONYMY IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICSAN ANALYSIS AND A FEW MODEST PROPOSALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2.The 'standard' view of metonymy in Cognitive Linguistics -- 2.1 The properties -- 2.2 Similarities and differences between metaphor and metonymy -- 2.3 A 'standard' definition -- 3. The 'standard' view of metonymy: Problematic issues -- 3.1 Metonymy as a relationship between '(sub)domains' rather than 'entities ' -- 3.2 Same or different domain? -- 3.3 Mapping, domain highlighting, and mental activation -- 3.4 The centrality of sub domains -- 3.5 Metonymy's primarily referential purpose -- 3.6 Metonymy as a 'stand-for' relationship -- 3.7 The remaining properties -- 3.8 Reassessing the relation between metaphor and metonymy -- 4. A network of cognitive notions of metonymy -- 4.1 Prototypical, typical, and schematic metonymies -- 4.2 Conventional versus non-conventional metonymies -- 4.3 The definitions -- 4.3.1 Schematic metonymy -- 4.3.2 Typical metonymy -- 4.3.3 Prototypical metonymy -- 4.3.4Conventional metonymy -- 4.4 Comments on the definitions -- 5. Closing remarks -- Notes -- References.

SECTION 3. MOTIVATION IN SOCIO-CULTURAL CONCEPTUALIZATIONS -- HOW LANGUAGE IS CONCEPTUALIZED AND METAPHORIZED IN JAPANESEAN ESSAY IN LANGUGE IDEOLOGY -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The historical developm en t of words for 'language' -- 3. Characteristics of the Japanese speaker's view on language -- 4. The metaphorization of language in Japanese -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- THE EVER-STIFLING ESSENTIALISMLANGUAGE AND CONFLICT IN POLAND (1991-1993) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Essentialism -- 3. A non-essentialist's view -- 4. Two conflicts in present-day Poland -- 4.1 Abortion -- 4.2 Christian values and censorship -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Afterthought -- Notes -- References -- MOTION METAPHORIZED IN THE ECONOMIC DOMAIN -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Alternative models of metaphorical motion for the dynamic quantification of economic processes -- 2.1 HORIZONTAL MO VEMENT -- 2.2 VERTICAL MOVEMENT -- 2.2.1 ORGANIC GROWTH -- 2.2.2 ACTIVE VERTICAL MOVEMENT -- 2.2.3 PASSIVE VERTICAL TRANSPORT -- 2.3 MOUNTAINSIDE-TOPOLOGY -- 3. Summary and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- SECTION 4 MOTIVATION IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS -- ENGLISH IN THE WORLD AND ENGLISH IN THE SCHOOL -- 1. Introduction -- 2. English as lingua franca in intercultural communication -- 3. English as a foreign language in the context of school instruction -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Summary -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- ATTITUDESTOWARDS LUGANDA, KISWAHILI, ENGLISH, AND MOTHER TONGUE AS MEDIA OF INSTRUCTION IN UGANDA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The language situation in Uganda -- 3. Language use in the school system -- 4. The role of Luganda and Kiswahili in Uganda -- 4.1 Luganda and the Baganda -- 4.2 Kiswahili -- 5. The quantitative study on linguistic attitudes -- 5.1 Methodology: Participants, procedure, and scope -- 5.2 Findings and discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- Notes -- References:.

STYLE LABELS IN MONOLINGUALENGLISH LEARNER'S DICTIONARIES -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Using a dictionary -- 3. The practice of stylistic labeling -- 4. Statistical comparison -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Dictionaries -- References -- Appendix 2 -- NAME INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.