ADVANCES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY VOLUME 3 -- ADVANCES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY VOLUME 3 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter I THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON VERBAL FLUENCY: MECHANISMS OF DRUG RELATED FLUENCY IN APHASIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- NEUROANATOMY OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE -- NEUROCHEMICAL BASES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE -- The Primary Neurotransmitters -- Glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine -- Neuromodulators and hormones -- Catecholamines -- Acetylcholine -- Serotonin -- DEFINITION OF FLUENCY -- NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF VERBAL FLUENCY, SPEECH AND LANGUAGE -- Agents which increase cerebral perfusion -- Dopaminergic agents -- Amphetamines -- Serotonin -- Cholinergic drugs -- Piracetam -- Zolpidem -- Amantadine -- Antiepileptic agents -- Drugs which have speech and language side effects -- CLINICAL CASE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter II ANTI-TUMORAL EFFECTS OF PULSED LOW ELECTRIC FIELD ENHANCED CHEMOTHERAPY: LESSONS FROM EXPERIMENTAL MALIGNANT TUMORS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Enhancement of the Uptake of Molecules and Macromolecules by Cells -- 1.2. Enhanced Uptake of Molecules and Macromolecules by Non-Permeabilizing Unipolar Pulsed Low Electric Fields (LEF) -- 1.3. The Difference between Enhanced Uptake of Molecules Induced by Electroporation and by Unipolar Pulsed Train of Low Electric Fields (LEF) -- 1.4. Application of Electric Based Cancer Therapy -- 1.4.1. Electrotherapy by low intensity DC electric-fields (LIEF) -- 1.4.2. Electrochemotherapy by high electric fields (ECT) -- 1.4.3. Electrotherapy by high frequency electric fields -- 1.4.4. Electro-hyperthermia -- 2. ANTI-TUMORAL EFFECTS OF LOW ELECTRIC FIELD CANCER TREATMENT-ENHANCED CHEMOTHERAPY (LEFCT-EC) -- 2.1. Experimental Design and Methods -- 2.1.1. Experimental metastatic tumors. -- 2.1.2. Chemotherapy.

2.1.3. Low electric field cancer therapy protocol -- 2.2. Treatment of Mouse Melanoma Derived Tumors by LEFCT-EC -- 2.3. Treatment of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Derived Tumors by LEFCT-EC -- 2.4. Effective Treatment of Mouse Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) Cancer by Low Electric Fields and Chemotherapy -- 2.5. Effective Treatment of Mouse Metastatic Prostate Cancer by Low Electric Fields and Chemotherapy -- 2.6. Cure of Primary Colon Cancer Derived Tumors and Reduction in the Metastatic Load Following LEFCT-EC -- 2.6.1. The role of the electric pulse intensity -- 2.6.2. The combination of the electric stimulus with different chemotherapeutic drugs -- 2.6.3. The ability of LEFCT-EC to control primary as well as metastatic disease -- 3. THE INVOLVEMENT OF IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS IN THE ARREST OF METASTATIC GROWTH ACHIEVED BY DESTRUCTION OF THE PRIMARY TUMOR BY LEFCT AND LEFCT-EC -- 3.1. The Development of an Anti Tumoral Reaction Following LEFCT-EC of B16 Melanoma -- 3.2. Breast Cancer Cell (DA3) Tumor Destruction by LEFCT and LEFCT-EC Triggered Anti Tumor Reaction -- 3.3. SCC Tumor (SQ2) Destruction by LEFCT And LEFCT-EC and Anti Tumor Reaction -- 3.4. Anti Tumor Immunity against Prostate Cancer Cell Tumors (TRAMP) Following Destruction of the Tumors by LEFCT-EC -- 3.5. Involvement of the Immune Response in the Cure of Metastatic Murine CT-26 Colon Carcinoma by LEFCT-EC -- 3.6. Induction of Anti-Tumor Immunity by Other Ablation Mechanisms, Which Cause in Situ Tumor Ablation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter III SMALL MOLECULE SELECTIVE TACE INHIBITORS: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- A) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) [2] -- B) Corticoids -- C) Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) -- 1.1. Cytokines and Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 1.2. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α -- 1) Synthesis.

2) Processing -- 3) Inhibition of TNF-α Effects -- 2. TNF- ΑLFA CONVERTING ENZYME (TACE) -- 2.1. Functions of TACE -- 2.2. Regulation of TACE -- 3. MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPS) -- 3.1. MMP Inhibitors -- 4. TACE VS MMPS -- 5. SELECTIVE TACE INHIBITORS -- 5.1. Sulphonamide Inhibitotrs -- 5.2. -Lactam Hydroxamates as Selective TACE Inhibitors -- 5.3. Succinate-Based Selective TACE Inhibitors -- 5.4. β-Benzamido hydroxamates -- 5.5. Miscellaneous Hydroxamates -- 5.6. Non-hydroxamate TACE Inhibitors -- 5.7. Conversion of MMP Inhibitor to Selective TACE Inhibitor -- 6. MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF TACE INHIBITORS -- 7. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter IV ANTIOXIDANTS AND DIABETES-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Diabetes-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction -- Hyperglycemia- induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) -- 1. The polyol pathway -- 2. Glucose auto-oxidation -- 3. de novosynthesis of DAG and activate PKC induced ROS -- 4. Advanced end products of nonenzymatic glycosylation -- The indicator for oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA) -- Roles of Antioxidants: Garlic, Genistein, Curcumin, Tetrahydrocurcumin and Vitamin C -- Pharmacological Effects of Garlic -- Genistein -- Curcumin -- Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid) -- Antioxidant properties of vitamin C -- Hypoglycemic effect of vitamin C -- Vitamin C and MDA levels -- Effects of vitamin C supplementation on hypertension -- Novel Approach Using Fluorochromes -- Roles of vitamin C on endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability -- How vitamin C could decrease leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in diabetes? -- Updated overview for antioxidants and diabetes. -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- REFERENCES.

Chapter V POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS ON GENE EXPRESSION: MESSENGER RNA STABILITY AND TRANSLATION REGULATED BY MICRORNAS AND OTHER FACTORS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ESTROGENS STABILIZE AND DESTABILIZE SPECIFIC MRNAS -- ESTROGENS AFFECT MRNA TRANSLATION -- ESTROGEN ACTIONS AND MICRORNAS -- MicroRNAs - Biogenesis and Regulation of Gene Expression -- Estrogens Regulate Expression of MicroRNA Genes in Responsive Tissues during Normal Physiology and Disease -- MicroRNAs Regulate ER Gene Expression and Estrogen Actions -- FUTURE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO REGULATING POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL ESTROGEN ACTIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter VI EMERGENCY CONTROL OF DENGUE FEVER IN THE AMERICAS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION TO DENGUE FEVER -- HISTORY OF VECTOR CONTROL IN THE AMERICAS -- CHALLENGES TO DENGUE CONTROL PROGRAMS -- Regional Approach and New Challenges -- Regional Response to Dengue in the 21st Century -- Environmental Source Reduction -- Larval Control -- Adult control -- CONTEMPORARY EMERGENCY VECTOR CONTROL MEASURES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter VII MEHG-EXPOSURE THROUGH SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION: CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR AS A TARGET OF TOXICITY AND POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF CNS EFFECTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- AIM AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES -- MAIN FINDINGS -- In Vivo Studies -- A. Effects on development -- B. Effects on cerebral MRs -- C. Effects on lymphocyte MRs. -- In Vitro Studies on Brain and Lymphocyte MRs -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter VIII ANTIOXIDANTS: CHEMISTRY AND THEIR IMPACT ON HEALTH -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- Definition -- 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE -- 3. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS -- 4. ANTIOXIDANT CHEMISTRY OF SOME VITAMINS -- 4.1. Alpha Tocopherol (Vitamin E) -- 4.1.1. Nomenclature -- 4.1.2. Source and nature -- 4.1.3. Mechanisms of action.

4.1.4. Possible therapeutic effects -- 4.2. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) -- 4.2.1. Source and nature -- 4.2.2. Mechanism of action -- 4.3. Beta Carotene -- 4.3.1. Source and nature -- 4.3.2. Mechanisms of action -- 5. ANTIOXIDANT CHEMISTRY OF SOME ENZYMES -- 5.1. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) -- 5.1.1. Source and nature -- 5.1.2. Mechanism of action -- 5.2. The Catalase Enzyme -- 5.3. Glutathione Peroxidase Enzyme -- 5.3.1. Source and nature -- 6. MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIOXIDANTS -- 7. ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN OUR BODY -- 8. COMMERCIAL SOURCES OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS -- 9. EFFICACY OF ANTI OXIDANTS IN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS -- 10. SUMMARY -- 11. CONCLUSION -- 12. FUTURE SCOPE OF RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- Chapter IX MAINTAINING A LONG-LIVED PLASMA CELL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DYNAMIC NICHES THROUGHOUT PHYSIOLOGICAL LIFE STAGES -- ALTERNATIVE METABOLISM IN THE HYPOXIC MARROW ENVIRONMENT -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter X SITE-SPECIFIC GLYCOSYLATION USING PICHIA EXPRESSION SYSTEM IMPROVES STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN CYSTATIN C -- ABSTRACT -- Preparation of Oligomannosyl Cystatin -- Molecular Stability of Oligomannosyl Cystatin -- The Anti-Rotavirus Activity and Anti-Salmonella Activity of Oligomannosyl Cystatin -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.