Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword: The backloop to sustainability -- Introduction -- The pathology of regional development -- Diagnosis of the pathology -- A prescription -- References -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Building capacity to adapt to change: the context -- 1.2 Complex systems: ecology and resource management -- 1.3 Integrative approaches to social-ecological systems: an overview -- 1.4 Social-ecological resilience -- 1.5 Adaptive renewal cycle: emphasis on the backloop -- 1.6 The approach and content of the book -- References -- Part I Perspectives on resilience -- Introduction -- 2 Adaptive dancing: interactions between social resilience and ecological crises -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Resilience in ecological and social systems -- 2.2.1 Ecological surprise -- 2.2.2 Ecological crises -- 2.3 Responding to crises -- 2.3.1 Technical and expert community -- 2.3.2 Social systems -- 2.3.3 Integrating activities -- 2.4 Surfing ecological crises -- 2.4.1 Learning-based institutions -- 2.4.2 Can we manage for resilience? -- 2.5 Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Nature and society through the lens of resilience: toward a human-in-ecosystem perspective -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Environmental determinism, possibilism, and cultural ecology -- 3.3 Ecological anthropology and the rise of systems approaches -- 3.4 Resilience for nature-society linkages -- 3.4.1 Generalist and specialist strategies -- 3.4.2 Uncertainty and surprise -- 3.4.3 Adaptation ability and degree of centralization -- 3.5 Operationalizing resilience: dwelling in the eco-commons -- 3.5.1 Spatially bounded management units -- 3.5.2 Relational networks -- 3.5.3 Embeddedness and behavior -- 3.5.4 Knowing-learning-remembering -- 3.5.5 Cultural identity and sense of place.

3.5.6 Institution building -- 3.5.7 Livelihood activities -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Redundancy and diversity: do they influence optimal management? -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Challenged policy assumptions -- 4.1.2 Is it time to reconsider redundancy? -- 4.2 The meanings of redundancy -- 4.2.1 Redundancy within a level of a multi-level system -- 4.2.2 Redundancies across multiple levels -- 4.2.3 Redundancy in genetic systems -- 4.2.4 Redundancy in engineering systems -- 4.2.5 Redundancy in ecological systems -- 4.3 Can redundancy reduce error and increase fit between preferences and outcomes in human decisions? -- 4.4 Complex adaptive systems: reducing risk through redundancy -- 4.4.1 Redundant resource regimes: an example -- 4.5 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part II Building resilience in local management systems -- 5 The strategy of the commons: history and property rights in central Sweden -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Community-managed forests, living history -- 5.1.2 Devastation, management, and renewal -- 5.2 The behavior of the commons -- 5.3 Discussion -- Notes -- References -- 6 Management practices for building adaptive capacity: a case from northern Tanzania -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The case of Iraqw'ar Da/aw -- 6.2.1 Historical development -- 6.3 The agroecosystem of Iraqw'ar Da/aw -- 6.3.1 Agroecological conditions -- 6.3.2 The agricultural system -- 6.3.3 Land-use changes -- 6.4 Local management practices in Iraqw'ar Da/aw -- 6.4.1 Practices directly connected to production -- 6.4.1.1 Plant production and water supply -- 6.4.1.2 Nutrient supply -- 6.4.1.3 Biological control and pollination -- 6.4.2 Practices indirectly connected to production -- 6.4.2.1 Soil formation -- 6.4.2.2 Erosion control, water regulation, and microclimate stabilization -- 6.4.3 Services supporting the agroecosystem.

6.5 Institutions for managing the Iraqw'ar Da/aw agroecosystem -- 6.5.1 Spatial and social structures -- 6.5.2 Access to natural resources -- 6.5.2.1 Private development -- 6.5.2.2 Collective control and use -- 6.5.2.3 Undomesticated and external spheres -- 6.5.3 Institutions for cooperation and risk sharing -- 6.6 Factors promoting adaptive capacity in Iraqw'ar Da/aw -- 6.6.1 Management practices for agroecosystem function -- 6.6.2 The institutional framework - decentralized but nested -- 6.6.3 Lessons learned - future perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Living with disturbance: building resilience in social-ecological systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Management strategies for coping with natural disturbance -- 7.2.1 The effects of large-scale disturbance on agricultural systems in Samoa -- 7.2.1.1 Polynesian polyculture -- 7.2.1.2 Cyclones and their effects on crops -- 7.2.1.3 Local institutions for crisis management -- 7.2.2 Char-dwellers of Bangladesh -- 7.2.2.1 Chars and floods -- 7.2.2.2 Risk management mechanisms among char-dwellers -- 7.2.3 Risk management mechanisms among African pastoralists -- 7.2.3.1 Diversification and mobility -- 7.3 Disturbance-buffering structures and disturbance as tools for ecosystem management -- 7.4 Learning by trial and error -- 7.5 Synthesis and conclusions -- References -- Part III Social-ecological learning and adaptation -- Introduction -- 8 Exploring the role of local ecological knowledge in ecosystem management: three case studies -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Crayfish management in Lake Racken -- 8.2.1 Deploying ecological knowledge -- 8.2.2 Management practices and institutional dynamics -- 8.2.3 Possible pathways -- 8.3 Hudson Bay bioregion -- 8.3.1 Initiating the community-based project -- 8.3.2 Compiling local ecological knowledge -- 8.3.3 The integration of local ecological knowledge.

8.4 People's science movements in India -- 8.4.1 Co-management of forest resources -- 8.4.2 Intellectual property -- 8.4.3 Local-level resource mapping -- 8.4.4 Peoples' Biodiversity Registers -- 8.5 Co-managing knowledge -- References -- 9 Facing the adaptive challenge: practitioners' insights from negotiating resource crises in Minnesota -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Rationale -- 9.1.2 Objectives and methods -- 9.2 Background and organizational history -- 9.3 Practitioners' rules of thumb -- 9.3.1 Looking outward and inward for understanding -- 9.3.2 Protecting social and natural capital -- 9.3.2.1 Thorough resource assessment, inventory, and monitoring -- 9.3.2.2 Valuing diversity of input, perspectives, and experiences -- 9.3.2.3 Fair, open, honest process to establish trust -- 9.3.2.4 Building on sense of place: developing local knowledge, emotional commitment, shared experience, and relationships -- 9.3.3 Detecting and fostering novelty -- 9.3.3.1 Mobilizing capacity for inquiry -- 9.3.3.2 Coping with surprise and uncertainty -- 9.3.3.3 Encouraging and amplifying experimentation -- 9.3.3.4 Dampening barriers to renewal and learning -- 9.3.4 Speeding the contagion -- 9.4 Synthesis: adaptive practices for navigating through the 'backloop' -- 9.4.1 Against prescriptions: resource management as jazz -- Notes -- References -- 10 Caribou co-management in northern Canada: fostering multiple ways of knowing -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Objective and method -- 10.2 Caribou co-management in the Canadian North -- 10.3 Human thought and ecological processes -- 10.4 Co-management: the potential for institutional transformation? -- 10.5 Resource management, belief systems, and societal aspirations -- 10.6 Cognitive commitments -- 10.7 Learning to recognize diverse knowledge systems -- 10.8 How something is known is as important as what is known.

10.9 Conceptual diversity: the wisdom to respect what we may not understand? -- 10.10 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Note -- References -- Part IV Cross-scale institutional response to change -- Introduction -- 11 Dynamics of social-ecological changes in a lagoon fishery in southern Brazil -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The case study -- 11.2.1 Methods -- 11.2.2 Socio-economic background -- 11.2.3 The lagoon ecosystem -- 11.2.4 Lagoon ecological dynamics and 'traditional' management -- 11.3 Fishing management by period -- 11.3.1 Fishing system in the 1960s -- 11.3.2 Fishing system from 1970 to 1981 -- 11.3.3 Fishing system from 1981 to 1994 -- 11.3.4 Fishing system from 1994 to 2000 -- 11.4 Navigating the dynamics of a social-ecological system -- 11.4.1 Key factors that affect social-ecological resilience -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 12 Keeping ecological resilience afloat in cross-scale turbulence: an indigenous social movement navigates change in Indonesi -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 A panarchy of institutions -- 12.2.1 The national level -- 12.2.2 The local levels -- 12.3 Dayak resource management -- 12.4 Stresses eroding Dayak solidarity with nature -- 12.5 Social renewal and reorganization: Dayak tools for promoting ecological resilience -- 12.6 Critical education -- 12.7 Credit unions - access to capital while building self-reliance -- 12.8 Cultural revitalization -- 12.9 Legal assistance -- 12.10 Facilitating exploration of new institutional options -- 12.11 Mapping - a tool for social and ecological renewal -- 12.12 Scaling up impacts - from Borneo to Indonesia -- 12.13 Lessons for social renewal movements working to revive ecological resilience -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 13 Policy transformations in the US forest sector, 1970-2000: implications for sustainable use and resilience -- 13.1 Introduction.

13.2 The contradiction of sustained yield.