Front Cover -- Agricultural Sustainability -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- I. Agricultural Biodiversity, Organic Farming, and New Crops -- 1 Functional Agrobiodiversity: The Key to Sustainability? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Agricultural Sustainability at the Onset of the Third Millennium -- 3. Agrobiodiversity: A Conceptual Framework -- 3.1 Genetic Agrobiodiversity -- 3.2 Species Agrobiodiversity -- 3.3 Ecosystem Agrobiodiversity -- 3.4 Limitations of the OECD Definition of Agrobiodiversity -- 4. From Agrobiodiversity to Functional Agrobiodiversity -- 4.1 Functional Biodiversity: A Plethora of Definitions -- 4.2 Functional Agrobiodiversity: A Methodological Approach -- 5. Functional Agrobiodiversity in Practice -- 5.1 Genetic Agrobiodiversity -- 5.2 Species Agrobiodiversity -- 5.3 Ecosystem Agrobiodiversity -- 6. Functional Agrobiodiversity: Opportunities and Bottlenecks -- 6.1 What Could Favor Functional Agrobiodiversity? -- 6.2 What Could Hinder Functional Agrobiodiversity? -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Organic Agriculture-Driving Innovations in Crop Research -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Soil Fertility and Organic Farming in the Tropics-Challenges and the Way Forward -- 3. Plant Breeding Strategies for Organic and Low External Input Farming -- 4. Functional Biodiversity and Pest Management in Organic Farming -- 5. Agricultural Innovation-The Need for Transdisciplinary Research and Development -- 6. Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Guar: An Industrial Crop from Marginal Farms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Origin, Genetics, and Breeding -- 3. Water and Salt Stress -- 4. Seed Composition -- 5. Galactomannan Properties, Biosynthesis, and Degradation -- 6. Preparation and Applications of Guar Gum -- 6.1 Medicinal Uses -- 7. Biotechnology for Guar Gum Modification.

8. Summary and Future Prospects -- References -- II. Effective Management of Resources (Nutrients and Water) and Crop Modelling -- 4 Nitrogen Use as a Component of Sustainable Crop Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principles of Crop Sustainability in Rainfed Farming -- 2.1 Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) -- 2.2 Water-N Relationship -- 2.3 Crop Rotations -- 2.4 Fertilization to Optimize Yields -- 2.5 No-Tillage Systems -- 3. Improving Nue and On-Site N Management -- 3.1 Pre- and Post-Anthesis Water Use and N Uptake -- 3.2 Agronomic Strategies to Improve NUE -- 3.2.1 Source and Method of N Application -- 3.2.2 Amount of N -- 3.2.3 In-Season Application of N -- 3.2.4 N Management in No-Tillage Systems -- 4. Targeting Crop Sustainability -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 5 Potential of Management Practices and Amendments for Preventing Nutrient Deficiencies in Field Crops under Organic Croppi ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Management Practices -- 2.1 Crop Diversification/Rotation -- 2.1.1 Legumes in Crop Rotation -- 2.1.2 Deep-rooted and Shallow-Rooted Crops in Rotation -- 2.2 Crop Species/Cultivars -- 2.3 Crop Residue Return -- 2.4 Intercropping Non-Legumes with Legumes -- 2.5 Mixed Farming (Dairy, Beef Cattle or Swine, and Cropping) Systems -- 2.6 Agroforestry (Integration of Trees with Field Crops or Animal Production Systems) -- 2.7 Summer Fallow -- 3. Agricultural Organic Amendments -- 3.1 Compost/Manure -- 3.2 Green Manure -- 4. Industrial Organic Products/Byproducts -- 4.1 Alfalfa Pellets -- 4.2 Thin Stillage, Distiller Grain (Byproduct of Ethanol), Fish Food Additive, and Glycerol (Byproduct of Biodiesel) -- 4.3 Wood Ash (Byproduct of Forest Industry) -- 5. Mineral Amendments -- 5.1 Phosphate Amendments -- 5.2 Lime, Gypsum, and Elemental S -- 5.3 Biological Fertilizers/Biofertilizers (Microbial Products/Inoculants).

5.3.1 Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Azolla, and Blue Green Algae for Biological N Fixation -- 5.3.2 Penicillium Bilaiae -- 5.3.3 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Inoculants -- 6. Summary of Research Findings, Gaps, and Future Needs -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 6 Effective Management of Scarce Water Resources in North-West India -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Development of Water Scarcity for Irrigation -- 3. Reasons for Ground Water Depletion in Nw India -- 3.1 Increase in the Area Under Cultivation -- 3.2 Shift in Cropping Patterns -- 3.3 Injudicious Use of Surface and Ground Water -- 3.4 Degradation of Ground Water Quality -- 3.5 Rainfall Distribution and Variability -- 3.6 Energy Subsidies for Farmers -- 4. "Real" Water Savings -- 5. Improving Management of Water Resources -- 5.1 Reducing Water Losses from Canal Networks -- 5.2 Conjunctive Use of Surface and Ground Water -- 5.3 Artificial Recharge of Groundwater -- 5.4 Improved Crop Management Technologies -- 5.4.1 Laser Leveling -- 5.4.2 Crop Establishment Method -- 5.4.2.1 Rice -- 5.4.2.2 Wheat -- 5.4.3 Rice Transplanting Date -- 5.4.4 Irrigation Scheduling -- 5.4.4.1 Rice -- 5.4.4.2 Wheat -- 5.4.5 Irrigation Method -- 5.4.6 Mulch -- 5.4.7 Crop Diversification -- 5.5 Rainfall Forecasting -- 5.6 Policies to Improve Water Management: Water Pricing and Allocation -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 7 Modeling for Agricultural Sustainability: A Review -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Major Simulation Models -- 2.1 APSIM (Agricultural Production System Simulator) -- 2.2 Ceres Wheat -- 2.3 DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) -- 2.4 SALUS (System Approach to Land Use Sustainability) -- 2.5 NDICEA (Nitrogen Dynamics in Crop Rotation in Ecological Agriculture) -- 2.6 Rhizome: A Model of Clonal Growth -- 2.7 LINTUL (Light Interception and Utilization Simulator).

2.7.1 Light Use Efficiency and Biomass Production -- 2.7.2 Biomass Partition -- 2.7.3 Leaf Area Development -- 2.7.4 Soil-Crop Nitrogen Balance -- 2.7.5 Nitrogen Demand -- 2.7.6 Nitrogen Uptake -- 2.7.7 Nitrogen Stress -- 2.8 WaTEM (Water and Tillage Erosion Model) -- 2.8.1 Water Parameters -- 2.8.2 Tillage Parameters -- 2.9 SPAC (Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum) -- 3. Outlook -- References -- III. Molecular, Biotechnological, and Industrial Approaches for Enhancement of Crop Production and Quality -- 8 Biotechnological Approaches for Increasing Productivity and Sustainability of Rice Production -- 1. Advances in Rice Biotechnology -- 2. Approaches for Increasing Yield Potential of Rice -- 2.1 Developing Hybrids with Higher Yield Potential -- 2.2 Introgression of Yield-Enhancing Loci/Wild-Species Alleles -- 2.3 Pyramiding of Cloned Genes/QTLs for Yield-Related Traits -- 2.4 C4 Rice-Modifying Photosynthetic Systems to Raise Yield -- 3. Mapping Genes/QTLs and Marker-Assisted Breeding in Rice -- 3.1 Breeding Against Biotic Stresses -- 3.2 Breeding for Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in Rice -- 3.2.1 Submergence Tolerance -- 3.2.2 Drought Tolerance -- 3.2.3 Salt Stress, Heat Stress, and Phosphorus Deficiency Tolerance -- 3.2.4 Increased Elongation Ability under Deep-Water Conditions -- 3.3 Other Approaches to Facilitate MAS -- 4. Broadening the Gene Pool of Rice Through Wide Hybridization -- 5. Role of Anther Culture in Rice Breeding -- 6. Genetic Engineering Approaches for Sustainable Rice Production and Enhanced Nutritional Qualities -- 7. Advances in Functional Genomics Support Rice Breeding -- References -- 9 Biofortification of Staple Crops -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Magnitude and Causes of Micronutrient Malnutrition -- 1.2 Strategies for Alleviating Micronutrient Malnutrition -- 2. Biofortification: A New Tool to Reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition.

2.1 Conventional and Molecular Breeding Approaches for Biofortification -- 2.2 Genetic Engineering Approaches -- 2.3 Physiological and Molecular Basis for Micronutrient Accumulation in Grains -- 2.4 Sequestration of Mineral in Endosperm -- 2.5 Bioavailability of Micronutrients -- 2.5.1 Lowering Phytic Acid in Grains and Products -- 2.5.2 Animal Feed Trials and Cell Line Studies -- 3. Micronutrient Concentration and Grain Yield -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- 10 Nutrient-focused Processing of Rice -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nutrient Composition of Rice Fractions -- 2.1 Macronutrients -- 2.2 Micronutrients -- 3. Health Problems in Rice Core Regions -- 4. Rice Processing -- 4.1 Drying -- 4.2 Parboiling -- 4.3 Rice Milling -- 4.3.1 Hulling of Paddy Rice -- 4.3.2 Abrasive Milling or Whitening -- 4.3.3 Friction Milling or Polishing -- 4.3.4 Sorting and Grading -- 5. Potential usages of Edible Co-products -- 5.1 Rice Brokens-Case Study: Reconstituted Rice -- 5.2 Rice Bran -- 6. Future Scenarios of Nutrient-Focused Rice Processing -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 Virus Resistance Breeding in Cool Season Food Legumes: Integrating Traditional and Molecular Approaches -- 1. Cool Season Food Legumes -- 2. Methods of Detecting Plant Virus Diseases -- 2.1 Protein-Based Detection Methods -- 2.2 Molecular Methods in Plant Virus Detection -- 3. Source of Resistance to Viruses in CSFLs -- 3.1 Utilization of Non-Host Resistance -- 3.2 Screening Germplasm for Host Resistance to Develop Virus Resistant Cultivars -- 3.3 Mode of Inheritance of Resistance -- 4. Molecular Tools for Accelerating Virus Resistance Breeding -- 4.1 Molecular Markers -- 4.2 Genetic Linkage Maps -- 4.3 Towards Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) for Virus Resistance Breeding -- 4.4 Potential of Comparative Genomics for CSFLs -- Acknowledgements -- References.

IV. Expert Advice on Policy and Developmental Aspects.